NUT 10 Final Question
Check all that apply: Iron deficiency can also result in
- Anemia - Fatigue - Spooned fingernails
Check all that apply: In the body, alcohol can
- Be used as fuel - Converted to fat and stored as fat
Check all that apply: How does aging affect bioavailability?
- Bioavailability can decrease - Bioavailability can stay the same
2. Check all that apply: How does pregnancy affect bioavailability?
- Bioavailability can increase - Bioavailability can stay the same
Which of the following is a good food source of thiamin? Check all that apply.
- Brown Rice - Turkey - Beef - Pork - Legume - Fortified breakfast cereal
Which of the following individuals are at a greater risk for iron deficiency?
- Children - Females with pregnancy - Infants
Check all that apply: Zinc deficiency can also result in
- Decrease taste perception - Reduced sperm count
Check all that apply: Zinc deficiency can result in
- Delayed sexual development - Impaired immune function
Check all that apply: Pellagra is characterized by
- Dermatitis - Diahrrea - Demetia - Death
Check all that apply: Good food sources of vitamin D include
- Eggs - Liver - Fortified breakfast cereal - Salmon - Mushroom exposed to UV light - Vitamin A and D fortified milk
Check all that apply: Bioavailability of calcium is decreased in
- Elderly Women - Elderly Men
Which of the following groups of people have an increased need for vitamin D? Check all that apply.
- Elderly females - Elderly males
Check all that apply: When iron stores are low, the body
- Excertes less iron - Reuses iron from dead blood cells - Increases iron absorption in the small intestine - Stores extra iron in storage protein
What diseases/conditions can result from the overconsumption of vitamin E? Check all that apply.
- Flu-like symptoms - Bleeding
Check all that apply: Iodine deficiency can result in
- Goiter - Cretinism
Check all that apply: Zinc is involved in
- Growth - Sexual matuartion - Immune function - Taste preception
Which of the following can cause deficiency of sodium or potassium? Check all that apply.
- Heavy sweating - Food poisoning - The flu - Bulimia
Which of the following directly increases risk for osteoporosis? Check all that apply.
- Increasing age - Long-term low calcium intake - Being female - Inactivity - Smoking - Heavy alcohol consumption - Low estrogen
Which of the following individuals are at a greater risk for iron deficiency? Check all that apply.
- Infants - Children - Females in child bearing years
Check all that apply: Minerals are
- Inorganic compounds - Essential nutrients
Check all that apply: Good food sources of vitamin A (or beta-carotene) include
- Liver - Butternut squash - Pumpkin - Vitamin A and D fotified milk - Eggs
Which of the following is a good food source of folate? Check all that apply.
- Liver - Orange juice - Spinach - Broccalii - Navy beans - Fortified breakfast cereal
Check all that apply: Iron deficiency can result in
- Low levels of hemoglobin in the blood - Low iron stores - Smooth tongue
Which of the following is a good food source of vitamin B12? Check all that apply.
- Milk - Yogurt - Beef - Eggs - Miso soup - Kimichi - Fortified soy milk
During grain refinement, what nutrients are lost? Check all that apply.
- Minerals - Fiber - B vitamins - Vitamin E
Check all that apply: Beriberi is characterized by
- Muscle fatigue - Nervous system dysfunction
Check all that apply: Vitamin A deficiency can lead to
- Night blindness - Xerophthalmia (surface of eye or cornea sloughts off) - Infection of epithelial tissue - Stunting of growth in children
Check all that apply: Vitamins are
- Organic compounds - Essential nutreinets
Which of the following also alters the bioavailability of non-heme iron and how? Check all that apply.
- Phylate reduces non-heme iron's bioavailability - A high fiber intake (>50 grams/day) reduces non-heme iron's bioavailability - Tanninis reduces non-heme iron's bioavailability
Which of the following factors in food exclusively decrease calcium bioavailability? Check all that apply.
- Phylates - Oxalates
Check all that apply: The need for vitamin B12 and folate increases (and the RDA is the highest amount) during
- Pregnancy - Lactation
What diseases/conditions are caused by vitamin D deficiency? Check all that apply.
- Rickets -Osteomalacia
Which two minerals work closely together to regulate fluid balance? Check all that apply.
- Sodium - Potassium
Check all that apply: Where do minerals originate from in relation to the food supply?
- Soil - Rocks
Which of the following is a good food source of niacin? Check all that apply.
- Steak - Tuna - Chicken - Nuts - Fortified breakfast cereal - Kidney beans - Whole wheat bread
People generally know that citrus fruits are good food sources of vitamin C, but there are plenty of non-citrus sources as well. Which of the following non-citrus foods are good sources of vitamin C? Check all that apply.
- Strawberries - Jalapenos - Cantalope - Tomatoes
Check all that apply: Fluoride is important for strengthening
- Teeth - bones
Which of the following are true about the characteristics of scurvy? Check all that apply.
- Teeth become loose and fall out - Joints become painful and sore - Gums become painful, swollen, and bloody - Bones become fraigle - Eventually results in death
Which of the following statements describe(s) the role of minerals in the body? Check all that apply.
- They make possible the transfer of nerve impulses - They are important for growth. - They are constituents of important body compounds. - They help maintain water balance.
Check all that apply: Iodine is involved in
- Thyroid hormone development - Regulating oxygen use - BMR maintenance
Check all that apply: Which of the following foods are good sources of vitamin E?
- Vegetable oil - Almonds - Avocado - whole wheat bread
Which of the following is true about the function of vitamin A? Check all that apply.
- Vitamin A helps with the vision cycle - Vitamin A is involved in maintaining epithelial tissue
Which of the following alter the bioavailability of non-heme iron and how? Check all that apply.
- Vitamin C increases non-heme iron's bioavailability - A protein factor in meat increases non-heme iron's bioavailability - Oxalate reduces non- heme iron's bioavailability
Which of the following statements about iron is true? Check all that apply.
- Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, taken at the same time as iron, will increase iron absorption. - Iron is absorbed more effectively from animal flesh
Check all that apply: The outer layer, or hull, of a whole grain contains
- Water insoluble fiber - Thiamin - Niacin - Iron
Most people have the ability to process ____ drink(s) per hour.
1
Minerals represent _____ of your total body weight
5-6%
Trace minerals are required in less than ________ mg.
50
Trace minerals, such as iron and zinc, are necessary in small amounts, approximately _____ milligrams daily.
50 mg
If you consume no calcium for 4 weeks, what would be your main symptom of deficiency?
A net loss of calcium from bones to maintain blood levels of calcium
Bioavailability is the amount of a nutrient that is available for _____________.
Absorption
____________ develops with deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate.
Anemia
Vitamin C functions as a(n)
Antioxidant
Vitamin E functions as a(n) _____________ in the body.
Antioxidant
During the milling process of grain products, such as wheat, portions of the kernel are removed, which decreases the amount of ___________.
B vitamins, fiber, iron, and zinc
Deficiency of thiamin results in
Beriberi
____________ is the carotenoid that is most efficiently converted to vitamin A in the body.
Beta-caratone
After learning about fiber in chapter 4, you start eating a very high fiber diet (50 grams/day). What could this do to the bioavailability of iron?
Bioavailability can decrease
How does taking antibiotics for acne treatment over a long period of time affect the bioavailability of calcium?
Bioavailability can decrease
1. Check all that apply: How does growth affect bioavailability?
Bioavailability can increase
If you top your iron-fortified breakfast cereal with strawberries, a good source of vitamin C, how would this affect the bioavailability of iron from the cereal?
Bioavailability can increase
Vitamin D regulates __________ absorption.
Calcium
Thiamin and niacin both work as coenzymes in ___________ energy metabolism.
Carbohydrates
When your iron status is high, iron absorption
Decreases
Fluoride deficiency causes
Dental caries
True or false: Dietary supplements are strictly regulated in the United States.
False
True or false: The nutrition science community, including researchers and health professionals, recommend meeting vitamin and mineral needs from supplements rather than whole foods.
False
What do sodium and potassium help with?
Fluid Balance
Lack of _________ prior to conception or during early pregnancy may lead to dangerous birth defects, called neural tube defects.
Folate
Due to its importance in preventing serious birth defects, all grain products in the U.S. are fortified with
Folate (folic acid)
In the body, vitamins
Function as regulators
The ______ sprouts into a new plant and contains minerals, B vitamins, and vitamin E.
Germ
Which food source has the greatest bioavailability of iron?
Ground beef
What disease/conditions are caused by vitamin E deficiency?
Hemolytic anemia
The milling process strips off the _________ and leaves the _________.
Hull and germ; starch
Vitamin B12 requires a special carrier for absorption, called
Intrinsic Factor
What organ plays a role in the homeostasis of most minerals?
Kidney
Excess sodium intake signals hormones to tell the organ, ___________, to get rid of the excess in the __________.
Kidney, Urine
Rank the iron requirement for the following people from lowest to highest:
Male, Female, Pregnant Female
The RDAs for both vitamin B12 and folate are in the ______ quantity.
Microgram
Vitamin B12 has an important role in the _____________ system.
Nervous
Is alcohol a nutrient? If so, what type of nutrient is alcohol?
No
Iron is involved in
Oxygen transport
Deficiency of niacin results in
Pellagra
A piece of unleavened bread is high in _________, which lowers the bioavailability of zinc. Choose the best answer.
Phylates
As you age, your need for vitamin B12 increases because your body
Produces less acid
Vitamin C is used to make the
Protein collagen
Vitamin B12 and folate function as regulators and have an important role in
Replication of genetic material
Calcium deficiency in children results in
Rickets
Which of the following correctly describes the path of minerals through the food chain?
Rocks and water → soil → plants → animals
Deficiency of vitamin C results in
Scurvy
The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the _________.
Skeletal system
The _________ controls how much iron is absorbed.
Small intestine
The RDA for vitamin C is increased for
Smokers
__________ is the primary extracellular nutrient, while __________ is the primary intracellular nutrient.
Sodium, Potassium
The bulk of the kernel is
Starch
Approximately 99% of the body's calcium is found in your
Teeth and bones
Generally, eating a diet deficient in water-soluble vitamins will result in clinical signs of vitamin deficiency in several weeks rather than years.
True
Sodium and potassium are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses.
True
True or false: Consuming too much vitamin D (~ 3 times the adequate intake) can be toxic for children.
True
True or false: Each species has a different vitamin requirement.
True
True or false: Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver.
True
Which of the following micronutrients function as antioxidants protecting unsaturated fatty acids from oxidations?
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene
Which of the following is true about vitamin D?
Vitamin D can be made through sun exposure
Beta-carotene is ____________, which means consuming too much beta-carotene is ____________.
excreted; non-toxic
Calcium deficiency in adults results in
osteoporosis
Vitamin A is ____________, which means consuming too much vitamin A is ____________.
stored; toxic
Osteoporosis is characterized by _______ bones with ______ mineral content.
weak, low
