nut200 exam 3 random questions

Diet plan that emphasizes low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and nuts to lower blood pressure

DASH

what blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

by what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque?

30 years old

what is the approximate % efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP?

50%

which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients?

Acetyl CoA

_____ are known to have an important role in immune cell multiplication.

B vitamins

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used to capture and store _____ during metabolism

energy

When energy intake equals energy output the body is said to be in _____.

energy balance

Foods with high _____ help to promote weight gain.

energy density

Carbohydrates, fat, and protein are referred to as _____ nutrients.

energy yielding

Energy-yielding nutrient that provides the most kcalories per gram

fat

Harmful effect of excessive alcohol intake that can be reversible

fatty liver

_____ of the top ten causes of death in the United States are diet related.

four

Diets high in _____ and _____ decrease the risk of developing many chronic diseases.

fruits, vegetables

Making of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances

gluconeogenesis

splitting a glucose molecule or_________ is the first step in energy metabolism

glycolysis

Primary body organ that regulates feelings of hunger

hypothalamus

_____ fat is associated with the most health complications.

visceral

Weight and _____ are often used together to assess body composition.

waist circumference

The goal of treatment for bulimia nervosa is _____.

weight maintenance

Physical activity and pregnancy _____ energy expenditure.

increase

Risk for coronary heart disease _____ with age.

increases

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of _____, a risk factor for heart disease.

inflammation

_____ is associated with obesity and is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.

insulin resistance

Combination of conventional and complementary and alternative medicine

integrative medicine

An alternative energy source designed to prolong life during starvation

ketone bodies

which item is used to supply some of the fuel needed by the brain only after the body has been fasting for a while?

ketones

Protein that regulates energy balance in response to the level of adipose tissue

leptin

Enzyme that plays a key role in the development of obesity

lipoprotein lipase

which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?

lipoprotein lipase

Body organ that contains the most metabolically active cells

liver

Referred to as the sum of all chemical reactions in living cells

metabolism

a typical cell contains "powerhouses" which is another name for...

mitochondria

Techniques that address behaviors associated with losing weight

modification

3500 kcalories are equivalent to _____ pound(s) of body fat.

one

FDA-approved drug that blocks fat absorption

orlistat

A BMI of 27 kg/m2 is considered _____.

overweight

which of the following is a feature of smoking and weight maintenance?

people who give up smoking gain an average of 10lbs in the first year

Limiting _____ intake to 15-20% of total kcalories is recommended for managing both types of diabetes.

protein

Fatty acids cannot be converted to _____ so they cannot generate glucose.

pyruvate

a feature of catabolic reactions is that they...

release energy that drives chemical reactions

Limiting dietary intake of _____ is associated with decreased risk of developing several chronic diseases.

saturated fats

Theory that the body maintains weight at a particular level, like a thermostat

set point

DRI to prevent weight gain is moderate physical activity for _____ minutes daily

sixty

Reducing _____ intake to 1500 mg daily is recommend for individuals with hypertension.

sodium

in which of the following conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

_____ intake is associated with the development of head and neck cancer.

alcohol

Processes that occur without oxygen

anaerobic

Distorted body image and amenorrhea are associated with the eating disorder _____.

anorexia nervosa

Accounts for the majority of daily energy expenditure

basal metabolism

Techniques that address behaviors associated with losing weight (1st word of answer; 2nd word is #4)

behavior

Eating _____ is associated with maintaining a healthy weight.

breakfast

A consistent intake of _____ throughout the day is recommended to manage both types of diabetes.

carbohydrate

the brain chemical neuropeptide Y is known to specifically enhance the craving for...

carbohydrates

The number of _____ molecules relates to the amount of energy a nutrient can provide.

carbon

Maximum number of pounds recommended as safe weight loss in one week

two

Being _____ is associated with the development of osteoporosis.

underweight

Weight-loss plan that promises quick results and can be dangerous

fad diet

Considered to be the most reliable of the weight loss surgeries

gastric bypass

Protein that regulates appetite

ghrelin