nut200 exam 3 random questions
Diet plan that emphasizes low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and nuts to lower blood pressure
DASH
what blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?
LDL (low density lipoprotein)
by what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque?
30 years old
what is the approximate % efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP?
50%
which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients?
Acetyl CoA
_____ are known to have an important role in immune cell multiplication.
B vitamins
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used to capture and store _____ during metabolism
energy
When energy intake equals energy output the body is said to be in _____.
energy balance
Foods with high _____ help to promote weight gain.
energy density
Carbohydrates, fat, and protein are referred to as _____ nutrients.
energy yielding
Energy-yielding nutrient that provides the most kcalories per gram
fat
Harmful effect of excessive alcohol intake that can be reversible
fatty liver
_____ of the top ten causes of death in the United States are diet related.
four
Diets high in _____ and _____ decrease the risk of developing many chronic diseases.
fruits, vegetables
Making of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances
gluconeogenesis
splitting a glucose molecule or_________ is the first step in energy metabolism
glycolysis
Primary body organ that regulates feelings of hunger
hypothalamus
_____ fat is associated with the most health complications.
visceral
Weight and _____ are often used together to assess body composition.
waist circumference
The goal of treatment for bulimia nervosa is _____.
weight maintenance
Physical activity and pregnancy _____ energy expenditure.
increase
Risk for coronary heart disease _____ with age.
increases
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of _____, a risk factor for heart disease.
inflammation
_____ is associated with obesity and is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
insulin resistance
Combination of conventional and complementary and alternative medicine
integrative medicine
An alternative energy source designed to prolong life during starvation
ketone bodies
which item is used to supply some of the fuel needed by the brain only after the body has been fasting for a while?
ketones
Protein that regulates energy balance in response to the level of adipose tissue
leptin
Enzyme that plays a key role in the development of obesity
lipoprotein lipase
which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
lipoprotein lipase
Body organ that contains the most metabolically active cells
liver
Referred to as the sum of all chemical reactions in living cells
metabolism
a typical cell contains "powerhouses" which is another name for...
mitochondria
Techniques that address behaviors associated with losing weight
modification
3500 kcalories are equivalent to _____ pound(s) of body fat.
one
FDA-approved drug that blocks fat absorption
orlistat
A BMI of 27 kg/m2 is considered _____.
overweight
which of the following is a feature of smoking and weight maintenance?
people who give up smoking gain an average of 10lbs in the first year
Limiting _____ intake to 15-20% of total kcalories is recommended for managing both types of diabetes.
protein
Fatty acids cannot be converted to _____ so they cannot generate glucose.
pyruvate
a feature of catabolic reactions is that they...
release energy that drives chemical reactions
Limiting dietary intake of _____ is associated with decreased risk of developing several chronic diseases.
saturated fats
Theory that the body maintains weight at a particular level, like a thermostat
set point
DRI to prevent weight gain is moderate physical activity for _____ minutes daily
sixty
Reducing _____ intake to 1500 mg daily is recommend for individuals with hypertension.
sodium
in which of the following conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
_____ intake is associated with the development of head and neck cancer.
alcohol
Processes that occur without oxygen
anaerobic
Distorted body image and amenorrhea are associated with the eating disorder _____.
anorexia nervosa
Accounts for the majority of daily energy expenditure
basal metabolism
Techniques that address behaviors associated with losing weight (1st word of answer; 2nd word is #4)
behavior
Eating _____ is associated with maintaining a healthy weight.
breakfast
A consistent intake of _____ throughout the day is recommended to manage both types of diabetes.
carbohydrate
the brain chemical neuropeptide Y is known to specifically enhance the craving for...
carbohydrates
The number of _____ molecules relates to the amount of energy a nutrient can provide.
carbon
Maximum number of pounds recommended as safe weight loss in one week
two
Being _____ is associated with the development of osteoporosis.
underweight
Weight-loss plan that promises quick results and can be dangerous
fad diet
Considered to be the most reliable of the weight loss surgeries
gastric bypass
Protein that regulates appetite
ghrelin
