NUTR 2320 exam 2

Blood pressure increases with:

Age

Which statement is false regarding food allergies?

Allergies are caused by improper diet and lifestyle.

Alpha-tocopherol is:

An antioxidant

DNA damage can be caused by all of the following except:

Antioxidants at normal physiological levels

Which of the following is not an American Cancer Society guideline for cancer prevention?

Avoid strenuous physical activity.

An individual with LDL phenotype ___ will benefit from a low fat diet.

B

A deficiency of _____ causes macrocytic anemia.

Both folate and vitamin B12

Which group of people is at the greatest risk for developing iron deficiency anemia?

Children

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are composed predominately of:

Cholesterol

Which of the following is a symptom of hypoglycemia?

Confusion

The American Heart Association recommends all of the following except:

Consuming foods with hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated fats

Which of the following statements is false regarding obesity?

Ghrelin promotes satiety.

This hormone is produced in the liver and regulates iron levels.

Hepcidin

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the anticancer properties of the Mediterranean diet?

High in protein promoting optimal health.

Consuming __________ is linked to higher risk of colorectal cancer?

High protein diet Red and processed meat Alcohol

Chewing sends satiety mechanisms to the

Hypothalamus

Which type of antibody is predominately associated with allergy?

IgE

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics makes the following dietary recommendation for managing diabetes:

Improve lifestyle permanently with an individualized dietary approach

Which of the following is a benefit of exercise?

Improves sleep Prevents chronic disease Improves mood Reduces inflammation

Which of the following dietary recommendations for anemia treatment is false?

Incorporate phytates, oxalates to increase iron absorption in iron deficiency related anemia.

In carcinogenesis, the alteration of DNA would result in ________

Initiation

The absorption of vitamin B12 requires:

Intrinsic factor

Which of the following is true regarding exercise and diabetes?

It increases the need for carbohydrate when it exceeds 30 minutes

Common symptoms of oral allergy syndrome (OAS) after ingestion of the allergic food include:

Itching and swelling of the lips, mouth, and throat.

A systolic blood pressure reading of ___________ is considered normal.

Less than 120 millimeters of mercury.

Risk factors for hypertension include:

Male gender Smoking Black race Obesity

Food allergies are linked to immune system

Memory Activation Specificity

Which of the following statements is true regarding heart disease?

Nitric Oxide, a vasodilator, prevents atherosclerosis.

High blood pressure is implicated as a contributing factor in all of the following diseases or conditions except:

Osteoporosis

Which of the following chemicals is a pre-carcinogen?

Sodium Nitrate

Which dietary component can lower blood cholesterol levels by binding to fat and cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract?

Soluble fiber

Which immune site listed below is where B cells mature?

Spleen

Which of the following statements is true regarding drugs used to manage diabetes?

Stress-induced hyperglycemia can be a reason for a person with type 2 diabetes to require insulin administration

Which of the following statements is false?

The Somogyi effect is caused by the intake of a high glycemic index food.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cancer?

The intake of raw fruits and vegetables is cancer protective.

Which of the following is false regarding people with hypoglycemia of non-diabetic origin?

They should eat a high fat diet to improve insulinÕs function

Reduced levels of this hormone contributes to obesity.

Thyroxin

Which type of allergic reaction is known as immediate hypersensitivity?

Type 1

Which of the following is false regarding folate?

Vitamin E is required to demethylate and activate folate

The DASH (dietary approach to stop hypertension) diet focuses on ______ as a means of reducing hypertension.

Whole foods rich in calcium, potassium, and magnesium

Obesity increases the risk for all of the following chronic diseases and medical conditions except:

anemia

Hypertension is most often

asymptomatic

Which type of food preparation method is the most conducive to cancer prevention?

baking

Which pancreatic cell type functions to produce insulin?

beta cells

The majority of the medical problems associated with diabetes are due to ______ disease.

cardiovascular

Aldosterone promotes water and salt excretion by the kidney which results in increased blood pressure.

false

With hemochromatosis, the person has excess stored iron as hematostatin.

false

All of the following can increase iron absorption except:

folate

Hypertension is usually caused by:

many factors

Most sodium in the diet comes from:

processed foods

Antibodies and antigens are both:

proteins

_________ cancer is one of the few cancers not related to diet:

skin

At which stage of folate or vitamin B12 deficiency is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of red blood cells increased (red blood cells appear larger than normal) indicating macrocytic anemia?

stage IV

Which of the following is not an immune system related chemical mediator?

stem cells

Adequate levels of copper are necessary for the body to mobilize stored iron.

true

Elevated fibrinogen is an inflammatory marker associated with atherosclerosis?

true

In some individuals, the onset of type 2 diabetes can be prevented by maintaining a healthy diet, lifestyle, and body weight.

true

Iron is transported by binding to transferrin.

true

It is estimated that one third or more of cancer deaths are attributed to diet, nutrition, & lifestyle behaviors such as poor diet, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, & alcohol use.

true

Living a physically active lifestyle can reduce blood pressure.

true

Type 2 diabetes is becoming prevalent in obese children.

true

Which of the following activity levels and durations would expend approximately 100 Calories in a 130 pound person?

walking for 30 minutes

When should a person stop eating?

when satisfied

With obesity there is:

- Body fatness in excess of that for optimal health.

All true regarding cancer:

- Diets that are high in animal fat are linked with many types of cancers. - The intake of a variety of fruits and vegetables reduces risk of some cancers. - Smoking meat is associated with increasing cancer risk. - Nitrates and nitrites are carcinogenic.

The best anticancer approach is to:

- Eat a plant-based diet rich in whole grains, fruits and vegetables

Statements that are true regarding food allergies:

- Genetics is an important causative factor in food allergies - Proteins in foods can elicit allergic reactions - Food allergies can be alleviated with "specific avoidance diets" - Symptoms of food allergies are triggered by the release of chemicals from mast cells upon allergen exposure

Which of the following is true regarding HDL cholesterol?

- HDL can be raised by increasing physical activity

Adult individuals who are obese:

- Have consumed an excess of Calories compared to their energy needs over time - Have excess body fat putting them at increased risk for many chronic diseases. - Are found in higher numbers across the United States now than 20 years ago. - Have a body mass index in excess of 30.

statements that are true regarding diabetes

- The glucose tolerance test is a diagnostic test for diabetes. - Gastroparesis is a long term complication associated with diabetes that causes impaired gastric motility and functioning. - Genetics is a risk factor for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. - Type 1 diabetes occurs predominately from autoimmunity against pancreatic beta cells.

Common causes of cancer are:

- Viruses - Increasing age - Family history - Physical inactivity

What is a potential danger for Celiacs when consuming oat products:

- cross-contamination with gluten-containing products

The symptoms of anemia include:

- weakness - fatigue - reduced physical performance - reduced cognitive performance

What percent body fat is considered essential in women?

12

Heart health may be improved by consuming ____ grams of plant sterols and stanols per day.

2-3

The therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet recommends limiting cholesterol intake to less than ____ milligrams per day.

200

Typically, infant food allergies usually correct before age __ if they are going to.

3

An adult person is classified as obese when their body mass index is greater than:

30

The intake of _____ micrograms of folic acid per day promotes heart health.

400