Nutrition 340 Study Guide

What is a probiotic?

"Good" bacteria that help keep your digestive system healthy by controlling growth of harmful bacteria

When reading an article for scientific purposes, you could trust one that is in a ________?

-Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics -National Osetoporosis Foundation -Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -Food and Drug Administration

What are some examples of foods that are nutrient dense?

-Broccoli -Leafy Greens -Fat-Free Milk -Oranges -Lean Meats -Whole-Grain -Cereals

What is a key role of saliva in your mouth?

-Chemical involved in the process of digestion and helps to neutralize acids that enter the body via the mouth -Taste

What is a secondary function of the digestive system?

-Digestion - breaking down large food molecules into nutrients that the body can use -Absorption - The uptake and removal of nutrients from the digestive tract

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

-Liver -Gallbladder -Pancreas

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

-The breakdown of food into nutrients -Absorption of nutrients -Elimination of solid waste products

What is the AMDR for Proteins?

10-35

How many kcal/kg in alcohol?

1g of alcohol has 7 kcal

How many kcal/kg in Carbohydrates?

1g of carbohydrates has 4 kcal

How many kcal/kg in fat/lipids?

1g of fat has 9 kcal

How many kcal/kg in protein?

1g of protein has 4 kcal

What is the AMDR for fats?

20-35

Whats is the daily recommended sodium for a typical American?

2300mg

What is the AMDR for Carbs?

45-65

What is GERD?

A digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach -Heartburn & acid indigestion can be caused by GERD

What is a non-essential nutrient?

A nutrient that does not need to be supplied by food because the body makes enough of it on its own.

What is chyme?

A semiliquid mass that forms when food mixes with gastric juices. -Occurs in lower stomach

What is the primary role of the large intestine?

Absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body

What is a conditionally essential nutrient?

Are normally NOT essential but become essential under certain conditions. (Metabolic disorders, serious illness).

What is a prebiotic?

Carbohydrates that cannot be digested by the human body.

What are the Macronutrients?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins because the body requires relatively large amounts of these nutrients daily.

Why is it important to study nutrition?

Foods contain nutrients that are necessary for the growth, maintenance,and repair of the body's cells

What is nutrient density?

Foods that supply more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories

Stomach ulcers are often associated with what type of bacteria?

Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria

What are major causes of GERD?

Hiatal hernia When the upper part of the stomach and LES move above the diaphragm

What are some prevention tips for GERD?

Lifestyle changes and diet

Do all micronutrients and macronutrients provide energy?

Macronutrient supply energy for cells, whereas micronutrients are not sources of energy

Where does digestion begin?

Mouth

Are supplements regulated by the FDA?

No

What are some foods that are energy dense?

Nuts, Avocados, Beans, Eggs

What is an essential nutrient?

One that must be supplied by food because our body does NOT naturally make an efficient amount

How is food moved through the esophogus?

Peristalsis, waves of muscular contractions that help move material through most of the digestive tract. INVOLUNTARY

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods

Most of the absorption takes place in the?

Small intestine

The majority of absorption takes place in the ____________________, through ______________.

Small intestine Jejunum, Duodenum, Ileum

What are digestive enzymes?

Substances produced by our bodies that help us to digest the foods we eat.

What is fortification?

The addition of nutrients to any food: -Calcium to orange juice -Vitamin A and D to milk -Vitamins and minerals to ready-to-eat cereals

What is enrichment?

The addition of specific amounts of iron and the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to specific refined grain products.

What is energy density?

The amount of energy a food provides per given weight of the food.

What is a nutrient requirement?

The smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

Why are the villi and microvilli so important in digestion?

They are absorptive structures that assist in digestion

Most foods are a combination of nutrients. True or False?

True

What are Micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals because the body requires very small amounts of them to function properly

In this class, can energy and calories be used interchangeably when referring to food?

Yes, calories and energy can be used interchangeably. A calorie is such a small unit of measurement that the amount of energy in food is reported in 1000-calorie units called kilocalories or Calories.

Most Americans DO NOT purchase recommended amounts of?

fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products.

Most Americans purchase to many/much of?

red meats; candies; cheese; sugary beverages, such as sweetened fruit and soft drinks, and refined grain products

What are the major organs of the digestive system?

• Salivary glands. • Pharynx. • Esophagus. • Stomach. • Small Intestine. • Large Intestine. • Rectum.