Nutrition

Modules 5-7 -----------> CHAPTERS 9-13

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According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day. 4 to 6.5 11 to 15.5 18 to 20.5 22 to 25.5

11 to 15.5

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. 130ºF 140ºF 145ºF 155ºF

145ºF

The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. 130ºF 150ºF 180ºF 160ºF

160ºF

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of ________. 115ºF 125ºF 145ºF 165ºF

165ºF

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. According to her physician, she should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 5 10 15 20

20

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly. 20 40 60 90

20

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal. 1500 2500 3500 4500

3500

Alex is a competitive endurance athlete who weighs 90 kg. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training. According to expert recommendations, he should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily while in training. 420 to 700 480 to 800 540 to 900 580 to 1000

540 to 900

_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells. Glucose Fat Glycogen ATP

ATP

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas? Antibodies Lipids Lactose Iron

Antibodies

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time. Liposuction Bariatric surgery Stomachectomy Colonoscopy

Bariatric surgery

Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing? -Washing his hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after touching the raw chicken. -Sanitizing the knife that he used to cut up the raw chicken with a mixture of bleach and water before using it again. -Grilling the chicken on a hot grill until the internal temperature of the flesh reached 165°F. -Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain ________. high-fructose corn syrup Clostridium botulinum spores aflatoxins aspartame

Clostridium botulinum spores

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Green leafy vegetables Butter Processed poultry products Citrus fruit

Green leafy vegetables

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate? Producing milk to breastfeed a baby Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone Consuming essential fatty acids Having a fever

Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? -The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. - In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. -The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. -In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

A 25-year-old woman is producing breast milk. She is in which life stage? Pregnancy Adolescence Lactation Older adult years

Lactation

You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit ________. Mexico City, Mexico Los Angeles, California Montreal, Canada Tokyo, Japan

Mexico City, Mexico

_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them. Ribosomes Plasma membranes Mitochondria Lysosomes

Mitochondria

What is physical activity? Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles. Movement that results from any muscular contraction. Muscular activity that is planned and conducted for improving health. Muscular activity of vital organs, especially the heart and lungs.

Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles.

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate food for an athlete? Sausage pizza Fried chicken breast Pasta with fresh vegetables Cheese sticks

Pasta with fresh vegetables

Mariyah loves leafy green salads, so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content? Raw, shredded bok choy Cooked chicken strips Shredded red cabbage Raw apple slices

Raw, shredded bok choy

Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a flexibility exercise? Stair stepping Static stretching Cycling Push-ups

Static stretching

A new weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program? -The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M. -The person finds ways to incorporate more physical activity into his or her daily routine. -The person measures his or her waistline weekly. -The person keeps a daily food intake record to identify "problem foods."

The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M.

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults? Niacin Thiamin Vitamin E Pantothenic acid

Vitamin E

Humans need vitamin B-6 for _________. magnesium absorption vitamin C synthesis carbohydrate excretion amino acid metabolism

amino acid metabolism

Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing ________. an eating disorder diabulimia muscle dysmorphia the female athlete triad

an eating disorder

Pathogens ________. cause oxidation of nutrients are disease-causing agents damage DNA protect cells from free radical destruction

are disease-causing agents

Deep yellow, dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________. gelatin essential amino acids beta-carotene vitamin D

beta-carotene

The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. body mass index waist/hip variable adjusted adiposity factor VO2 max

body mass index

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that ________. breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of cystic fibrosis in childhood human milk has the same composition as infant formula breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy human milk is a rich source of iron, calcium, and vitamin D

breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________. lose the let-down reflex can sit up with some back support have most of their primary teeth develop the swallowing reflux

can sit up with some back support

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of ________. beriberi cardiovascular disease pernicious anemia hemochromatosis

cardiovascular disease

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________. low LDL cholesterol elevated HDL cholesterol cardiovascular disease protein-energy malnutrition

cardiovascular disease

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of ________. osteoarthritis certain cancers inflammatory bowel disease rickets

certain cancers

Which of the following characteristics is a risk factor for hypertension? Underweight Cigarette smoking Asian ancestry High-potassium diet

cigarette smoking

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________. digesting food performing physical activity shivering in cold conditions circulating blood

circulating blood

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________. prolactin colostrum oxytocin estrogen

colostrum

Dehydration can cause ________. death diabetes hypoglycemia cirrhosis

death

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________. decrease her usual daily energy intake decrease her physical activity increase her daily vitamin D intake increase her essential fatty acid intake

decrease her usual daily energy intake

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ________. have a strong desire to gain weight have high self-esteem deny they are too thin are males between 16 and 30 years of age

deny they are too thin

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _________. deposition of calcium in soft tissues increased blood clot formation megaloblastic anemia No particular health problems, because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine

deposition of calcium in soft tissues

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________. heartburn weak bones dermatitis night blindness

dermatitis

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? Whole-wheat bread Apples Eggs Peanuts

eggs

Which of the following features is a characteristic of a physically fit person? Flexibility Self-esteem High maximum heart rate Interest in sports

flexibility

Pregnant women generally need to take a dietary supplement that contains ________. protein oxytocin folic acid conjugated fatty acids

folic acid

Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws? Agricultural Research Service Environmental Prevention Agency Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Food and Drug Administration

food and Drug Administration

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 23.7. According to this information, Jason ________. has more lean than fat tissue is overweight is obese has the athletic sports triad

has more lean than fat tissue

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________. radiation to destroy pathogens heat to kill pathogens pressure to immobilize pathogens chemicals to denature pathogens

heat to kill pathogens

Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to ______ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition. high-birth-weight low-birth-weight term anemic

high-birth-weight

People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range. osteomalacia anemia fluorosis hypertension

hyertension

In the United States, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. selenium iron calcium magnesium

iron

Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________. iron vitamin D lipids fluoride

lipids

Iodine is necessary for ________. carrying oxygen in blood maintaining normal thyroid function transporting proteins in lymph producing properly-formed collagen

maintaining normal thyroid function

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ________. fewer foods away from home smaller amounts of sodium fewer fried foods more sugar-sweetened beverages

more sugar-sweetened beverages

Megadoses of ____ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels. niacin thiamin vitamin K biotin

niacin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________. night blindness headaches hair loss swollen tongue

night blindness

____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States. Norovirus Hepatitis A Influenza Rotavius

norovirus

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _________. pellagra beriberi scurvy osteomalacia

osteomalacia

Physical fitness may be defined as the ability to ________. - perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired -move joints beyond their normal range of motion -maintain maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, without warming up -engage in high-intensity workouts by reaching one's maximum heart rate within 5 minutes of beginning the exertion

perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________. iron and copper sodium and potassium phosphorus and calcium magnesium and iodine

phosphorus and calcium

Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving? Spinach Plain yogurt Cottage cheese Tomato juice

plain yogurt

in general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ________. zinc calcium potassium iron

potassium

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include ________. reduced bone mineral density cystic fibrosis premenopausal polycystic syndrome hyperthermia

reduced bone mineral density

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. saliva production heartburn bruising vulnerability to infections

saliva production

Calcitonin ________. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion signals osteoclasts to remove excess calcium from blood enables glucose to enter cells enhances bone tissue loss

signals osteoclasts to remove excess calcium from blood

After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior. sores on her knuckles cuts on her forehead bruises on her cheeks scar tissue in her kidneys.

sores on her knuckles

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________. the swelling is limited to the hands and feet morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur the swelling is accompanied by severe hypertension and protein in the urine weight loss and morning sickness also occur

the swelling is accompanied by severe hypertension and protein in the urine

The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral. trace conditionally essential major possible essential

trace

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________. cystic fibrosis megaloblastic anemia type 2 diabetes celiac disease

type 2 diabetes

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. Near the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of feeling sleepy and having nausea. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________. brain cancer water intoxication heat cramps kidney failure

water intoxication

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin? Whole milk Pork chops Bread made from enriched wheat flour Wheat germ

whole milk

Infants _____ have a high risk of obesity. who obtain regular physical activity with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds that are given vitamin C supplements whose mothers are obese

whose mothers are obese

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has ____ deficiency. folate zinc vitamin K acetyl-CoA

zinc

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? Zinc Calcium Phosphorus Potassium

zinc