Nutrition and Disease Exam 1 part 4

Factors dependent on whether a person should lose weight are but are not limited to the following: the extent of overweight, age, height, and muscle strength. True or False

False

Which FDA-approved drug for weight loss works by inhibiting digestion and absorption of dietary fat?

Orlistat

Two causes of obesity in humans are:

genetics and physical inactivity.

In an eager attempt to lose weight, Americans spend approximately _______a year in weight loss services and products.

$60 billion

For a patient that is underweight, what is a reasonable amount of weight that should be gained in a month?

1 pound

What is the minimum amount of physical activity required weekly for significant weight loss?

4-5 hours

A nutritionally sound weight-loss diet might restrict daily energy intake to create a:

500-kcalorie-per-day deficit.

The obesity theory that suggests the body chooses to be at a specific weight is the:

set-point theory.

Which drug is FDA approved for weight loss?

Alli

If a patient needs to gain weight, which strategy would you suggest?

Consider weight lifting instead of running.

What is the best approach to weight loss?

Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure.

Which mechanism does Xenical, an FDA-approved drug for weight loss, utilize to decrease weight in patients?

It inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract to block digestion of fats.

Which mechanism does Belviq, an FDA-approved drug for weight loss, utilize to decrease weight in patients?

It interacts with brain serotonin receptors to increase satiety.

Which of these behaviors will best support successful weight management?

Learn appropriate portion sizes.

In addition to decreasing food intake by decreasing stomach volume, gastric bypass also directly aids in weight loss by _____.

altering gastrointestinal hormones

Which patient would you recommend take medication to help deal with their obesity issues? a. an adult female with a BMI of 25 with type II diabetes b. an adult male with a BMI of 29, but otherwise healthy c. an adult female with a BMI of 30 who has been unable to lose weight with diet and exercise d. a teenage female with a BMI of 28 who has sickle cell anemia e. a high school football player with a BMI of 27

an adult female with a BMI of 30 who has been unable to lose weight with diet and exercise

Whether a person should lose weight depends on all but which factor? a. gender b. age c. extent of overweight d. health e. genetics

gender

Which hormone stimulates appetite and food intake?

ghrelin

The prevalence of clinically severe obesity in the United States is estimated to be _____ . a. 4 percent b. 6 percent c. 8 percent d. 10 percent

c. 8 percent

What would be considered the most concerning thing about taking dietary supplements that are sold over the counter?

The pills may cause potential health risks

What is the most likely reason that so many of the fad diets introduced to the public are ineffective and often dangerous?

These diets are often based on unsubstantiated scientific evidence, so when they are implemented, they are unable to deliver the results promised.

The physiological need to eat is referred to as _____, while _____ is the psychological desire to eat.

hunger; appetite

Which diet claim for a diet or supplement is the least likely to be a scam?

This pill can help you lose weight over time, but may cause diarrhea or nausea."

A person's genetic makeup and the environment are the two major contributors to obesity. True or False

True

Just as there are successful and safe ways to lose weight, there are successful and safe ways to gain weight such as consuming energy dense foods and engaging in physical activities to build muscle. True or False

True

Which of the following statements is true?

With weight loss, the size of the fat cells shrinks, but the number of fat cells remains the same.

Fad diets that promote low protein consumption are difficult to follow and achieve results, because when protein levels become too low, _____.

a person may not feel satiated

Even without weight loss, physical activity in obese patients can ____. a. increase ghrelin secretion b. improve insulin resistance c. alter leptin levels in the blood d. alter genes that influence obesity e. alter the set point of the hypothalamus

improve insulin resistance

Which of the following is NOT an obesogenic environment factor?

increased physical activity

What is the best way to achieve a negative energy balance?

increasing physical activity to increase energy expenditure

What are the hallmarks of a sensible diet?

involve lifestyle changes, including physical activity

The number of fat cells in a human increases most rapidly during which age period?

late childhood and early puberty

If food energy is restricted too severely, where does the body acquire the energy required for basal metabolic functions?

lean tissue

The protein produced by the fat cells under the direction of the ob gene is called:

leptin.

Which enzyme hydrolyzes triglycerides in the blood into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption into the cells?

lipoprotein lipase

Physical activity does not help a person to:

lose fat in trouble spots.

After an initial period of rapid weight loss, weight loss slows down because ____.

metabolism slows down in response to the decreased caloric intake

Which factor is NOT part of an obesogenic environment?

physical activity

A major problem with the use of OTC weight loss pills is:

safety

For clinically severe obesity, which is the most effective treatment?

surgery

The biggest problem associated with the use of prescription drugs in the treatment of obesity is:

the necessity for long-term use.

All of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except:

the number decreases when fat is lost from the body.

Which strategy would not help an underweight person to gain weight?

Drink plenty of water.

Efforts to lose weight by the use of over-the counter supplements and herbal products is not harmful. True or false

False

What would you expect to happen if you mutated the ghrelin receptors in a mouse such that the mouse could produce ghrelin but would not respond to the hormone?

The mouse would have a suppressed appetite and be underweight.

How do microbiota influence body weight?

by generating compounds that alter the body's use of energy

How do most fad diets work?

by limiting caloric intake

A major challenge of developing an effective drug for obesity is to _____.

decrease risks associated with long-term use

People with high lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity are more likely to be_______________.

obese