Penny Review Chapter 14: MSK and Breast

what best describes the thompson test

calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon

inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed

cellulitis

a 6 yr old female patient presents w/ irritability, unwillingness to walk, low grade fever. sono, you see a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule

joint effusion

all of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sono except most are hypoechoic linear array TD should be used most are better seen with a standoff pad comet-tail may be seen under metallic objects

most are hypoechoic (most are hyperechoic)**

what is the clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to eval the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip

ortolani

subluxation denotes

partial hip dislocation

inflammation of the breast tissue related to pregnancy is

puerperal mastitis

acoustic shadowing caused by a bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is

refractive shadowing

Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause what artifact

comet tail

a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels

Hemangioma

at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object

air

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a

baker cyst

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the:

ganglion cyst

what is also referred to as a bible bump

ganglion cyst

the achilles tendon connects the

heel to the calf muscle

what would be the best suited TD to assess for a splinter in the hand

high frequency linear array

what best describes the sono appearance of gynocomastia

hypoechoic, retroareolar mass

hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of

inflammation

a benign tumor comprised of fat

lipoma

all of the following will aid in the sono assessment of an achilles tendon except -pt lies prone w/ feet hanging off bed -both asymptomatic and symptomatic tendons should be evaluated (for comparison) -the entire tendon should be scanned completely in sag and trv -pt is scanned standing w/ small amount of pressure placed on symptomatic side

patient is scanned standing (this does not happen- patient is scanned PRONE)*

a patient presents with a palpable oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft what is it

pilonidal cyst

what position should a patient be placed to better eval the achilles tendon

prone

what test is done to determine a torn achilles tendon

thompson test

what is the most likely cause of a hip joint effusion in infants

transient synovitis

clinical findings of a baker cyst may mimic

DVT

what technique is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles

Graf

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except ( hypo, iso, hyper, anechoic)

anechoic

tendons sonographically appear as

echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma often complain of pain in the area they are often obese only slightly tender in the area feel no pain in the area

feel no pain in the area

a partial tear of the tendon typically appears

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

a patient presents with a hx of cellulitis on his abd. the patient has a fever, edema and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. you see a localized complex collection of fluid that is most likley

superficial abscess

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging

superficial structures

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of

tendosynovitis

inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is

tendosynovitis

what best describes the thompson test

the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

sono appearance of normal muscle

hypoechoic tissue with linear echogenic strands

clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except itching in the area of tendon pain edema the area is warm to the touch

itching in the area of the tendon

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a

baker cyst

all of the following are true of a ganglion cysts except -common mass along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between tarsals -typically appear as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement -may be hard to touch and painful clinically -often treated with injections or corticosteroids

common mass along superior aspect of the hand and wrist between tarsals (they are located along the dorsal wrist**)

A complicated baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as

pannus