Penny Review Chapter 14: MSK and Breast
what best describes the thompson test
calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon
inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed
cellulitis
a 6 yr old female patient presents w/ irritability, unwillingness to walk, low grade fever. sono, you see a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule
joint effusion
all of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sono except most are hypoechoic linear array TD should be used most are better seen with a standoff pad comet-tail may be seen under metallic objects
most are hypoechoic (most are hyperechoic)**
what is the clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to eval the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip
ortolani
subluxation denotes
partial hip dislocation
inflammation of the breast tissue related to pregnancy is
puerperal mastitis
acoustic shadowing caused by a bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is
refractive shadowing
Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause what artifact
comet tail
a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels
Hemangioma
at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object
air
A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a
baker cyst
A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the:
ganglion cyst
what is also referred to as a bible bump
ganglion cyst
the achilles tendon connects the
heel to the calf muscle
what would be the best suited TD to assess for a splinter in the hand
high frequency linear array
what best describes the sono appearance of gynocomastia
hypoechoic, retroareolar mass
hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of
inflammation
a benign tumor comprised of fat
lipoma
all of the following will aid in the sono assessment of an achilles tendon except -pt lies prone w/ feet hanging off bed -both asymptomatic and symptomatic tendons should be evaluated (for comparison) -the entire tendon should be scanned completely in sag and trv -pt is scanned standing w/ small amount of pressure placed on symptomatic side
patient is scanned standing (this does not happen- patient is scanned PRONE)*
a patient presents with a palpable oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft what is it
pilonidal cyst
what position should a patient be placed to better eval the achilles tendon
prone
what test is done to determine a torn achilles tendon
thompson test
what is the most likely cause of a hip joint effusion in infants
transient synovitis
clinical findings of a baker cyst may mimic
DVT
what technique is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles
Graf
Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except ( hypo, iso, hyper, anechoic)
anechoic
tendons sonographically appear as
echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone
which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma often complain of pain in the area they are often obese only slightly tender in the area feel no pain in the area
feel no pain in the area
a partial tear of the tendon typically appears
focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon
a patient presents with a hx of cellulitis on his abd. the patient has a fever, edema and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. you see a localized complex collection of fluid that is most likley
superficial abscess
A standoff pad is most useful in imaging
superficial structures
Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of
tendosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is
tendosynovitis
what best describes the thompson test
the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed
sono appearance of normal muscle
hypoechoic tissue with linear echogenic strands
clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except itching in the area of tendon pain edema the area is warm to the touch
itching in the area of the tendon
The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a
baker cyst
all of the following are true of a ganglion cysts except -common mass along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between tarsals -typically appear as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement -may be hard to touch and painful clinically -often treated with injections or corticosteroids
common mass along superior aspect of the hand and wrist between tarsals (they are located along the dorsal wrist**)
A complicated baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as
pannus
