nutrition and global health

key nutritional needs ( overweight and obesity)

-a balanced healthy diet is crucial for the prevention of obesity and non communicable diseases -diet is playing a large role in the growth of global obesity and overweight

The determinants of nutritional status ( under-nutrition)

-inadequate dietary intake; weakens the body -illness; make it harder for people to eat in order to absorb nutrients -lack of safe water and sanitation; contributes to the cycle of infection and malnourished -children more vulnerable to worm infection; makes it harder to absorb nutrition

the determinants of nutritional status ( overweight and obesity)

-increase in total calories without increasing energy expenditure -genetics and cultural factors -increase in income and socioeconomic status, urbanization

sodium should be limited to

1.7 grams a day; less then 5 grams a day

How many children globally separate from moderate or severe underweight?

100 million

How many children globally are stunted?

165 million

The rate of underweight in children younger than five years of age in the low and middle income countries fell from what to 1990 to 2011

28% to 17%

how many deaths can be caused by nutrition related causes for children under 5

3 million

What percent of the worlds population are obese or overweight?

30%, 2.1 billion people

How many calories should pregnant woman consume a day

300 more calories a day

what percentage of deaths in children under 5 are attributable to nutrition related causes

45%

How many children are wasted?

50 million globally

birth-weight

A child has a low birth weight

Young child deaths could be reduced by about 15% when?

A package of nutritional interventions for pregnant women

Which country has the highest prevalence of standing in children under five years of age?

Africa

Which country has the highest prevalence of obesity in adults?

America

Which country has the lowest percentage of underweight children under five years of age?

America

Which country had to Lowest prevalence of wasting in children under five years of age?

America's

normal weight for adults

BMI is 18.5 to 25

overweight for adults

BMI is greater than 25

Obese for adults

BMI is greater than 30

underweight for adults

BMI is less than 18.5

Older adults need to consume what in order to prevent osteoporosis?

Calcium

What condition has emerged as one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st-century?

Childhood obesity

What is the window of opportunity?

Conception to two years of age

Obesity and overweight can affect?

Debt and illness, worker productivity, mental health, academic achievement in children

Which country has the lowest percentage of low birth weight

East Asia and pacific

Which country has the lowest prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age?

Europe and America

What type of foods can be harmful if consumed in large amounts?

Fat, cholesterol, sugar and salt

Which sex has the highest prevalence of obesity in adults?

Females

Addressing undernutrition

Introduce packaging for supplementation with vitamin a and zinc for children age 6 to 59 month, management of severe acute malnutrition, management of moderate a cute nutrition

What other elements are important for the health of a woman and child?

Iron , iodine, folate, zinc, and calcium

How has obesity increase worldwide since 1980 ?

It has nearly doubled

Over consumption of sugar leads to

Large amount of energy without nutrients

Poor nutrition can impact?

Maternal health, income, health status of children, children's ability to grow, life expectancy

Adult to drink one SSB or more per day are known to

More likely to be overweight or obese by 27%

Poorly nourish adolescent girls versus well nourished adolescent girls?

Much more likely to give birth to an underweight child and explain its complications during birth

Package of interventions for pregnant women examples?

Multiple micro nutrient fortification, promotion of appropriate breast-feeding practices, appropriate complementary feeding

Can children who are stunted able to make up later for their retarded growth?

No

Yeah ability of older people to live on their own can depend on what?

Nutritional status

Dietary fibers helps prevent

Obesity, diabetes, CVD and various cancers

Addressing future nutrition challenges

Policymakers need to understand the importance of nutrition to good health and human for Productivity, governments need to work with the food industry to improve the way foods are fortified and processed, further research, create partnerships

Children need to be sufficient in what?

Protein, energy, fats, iodine, iron, vitamin a, and zinc

What do adolescents need to grow?

Proteins, energy,iron, iodine, folic acid, and calcium

Whole grains are often process to produce what

Refined carbohydrates, which removes the majority of the fibers and other nutrients

Addressing overweight and obesity?

Set global nutrition and physical activity standards, promote campaigns aligne national dietary goals, restaurant unhealthy food marketing aimed at children, schools can encourage healthy eating

Which country has the highest percentage of prevalence of low birth rate

South Asia

Which country has the highest prevalence of underweight children under five years of age?

South east Asia

Which country has the highest prevalence of wasting in children under five years of age?

South east Asia

Which country has the lowest prevalence of obesity in adults?

South east Asia

And extremely important determinant of the extent to which a child will drive and become a healthy adult

The birth weight of the baby

Children will grow best and stay healthy is if what?

They are breast-fed for the first six months

Who has the highest proportion of the worlds obese people?

United States

Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages has been known to promote

Weight gain type two diabetes and coronary heart disease

What is important for adults to incorporate in order to stay productive?

Well-balanced diet with protein, energy, Iron

Sources of dietary fibers include

Whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables

height for age

a child is stunted it its height for age is two z scores below the international reference for height for age

Weight for age

a child is underweight if its weight is two z scores below the international reference weight for age

iron deficiency

anemia, fatigue, and weakness; pregnant women with a iron deficiency can give birth to a premature or low birth weight child, hemorrhaging, or die

.how is overweight measured by children

by wasting

what helps the reduction of hypertensive disorders in pregnacny

calcium with supplementation

millennium development goal # 1

eradicate poverty and hunger

overweight

excess weight relative to height height measured by BMI

stunting

failure to grow vertically or taller and reach full potential due to inadequate nutrition or poor health

iron is found in

fish, meat, poultry, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and dries beans

gauging nutritional status ( infants and children)

gauged by measuring and weighing them, then plotting weight and height on a growth chart

deficiency in iodine

goiters; failure to grow intellectual potential; occur in people who live in mountainous regions.

vitamin A is immortant for

growth and proper immune function

severe deficiency of zinc

growth and retardation, impaired immune system, skin disorders, cognitive dysfunction

saturated and trans fat are known to

harm cardiovascular health by raising cholesterol levels

high sodium lead to

hypertension; stroke; fatal coronary disease

under-nutrition

indexes for children undernourished include height -for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height.

defiencies od folic acid in pregnant women

leads to neural tube defects in children; ex. spina bifida

folic acid and calcium is found in

leafy green vegetables, enrich products like flour; dairy products

vitamin A is found in

leafy green vegetables, yellow and orange fruits but not citrus, carrots

most of the obese and overweight people are

low to middle income countries

underweight

low weight for age

zinc deficency risks

morbidity and mortality from diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria

what percent of the worlds population is overweight or obese

nearly 30%

zinc is found in

red and white meat and shellfish

saturated and trans fat are largely found in

red meat, dairy products, with trans fat mainly found in processed foods made with hydrogenated oils.

sodium is mainnly found in

restaurants and processed foods

iodine is found in

seafood, plants that are grown in iodine rich soil

what determine normal growth in a child

the child's position growth curve

malnutrition

those who do not get proper nutrition

leading risk factor for death of children under 5 GLOBALLY

underweight

components to a healthy diet

vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, limit on processed meats

wasting

weight divided by height that is two z scores below the international reference

deficiency in vitamin A

xeropthalmia; eventually leads to permanent blindness; can cause illness to become more ssevere