nutrition and global health
key nutritional needs ( overweight and obesity)
-a balanced healthy diet is crucial for the prevention of obesity and non communicable diseases -diet is playing a large role in the growth of global obesity and overweight
The determinants of nutritional status ( under-nutrition)
-inadequate dietary intake; weakens the body -illness; make it harder for people to eat in order to absorb nutrients -lack of safe water and sanitation; contributes to the cycle of infection and malnourished -children more vulnerable to worm infection; makes it harder to absorb nutrition
the determinants of nutritional status ( overweight and obesity)
-increase in total calories without increasing energy expenditure -genetics and cultural factors -increase in income and socioeconomic status, urbanization
sodium should be limited to
1.7 grams a day; less then 5 grams a day
How many children globally separate from moderate or severe underweight?
100 million
How many children globally are stunted?
165 million
The rate of underweight in children younger than five years of age in the low and middle income countries fell from what to 1990 to 2011
28% to 17%
how many deaths can be caused by nutrition related causes for children under 5
3 million
What percent of the worlds population are obese or overweight?
30%, 2.1 billion people
How many calories should pregnant woman consume a day
300 more calories a day
what percentage of deaths in children under 5 are attributable to nutrition related causes
45%
How many children are wasted?
50 million globally
birth-weight
A child has a low birth weight
Young child deaths could be reduced by about 15% when?
A package of nutritional interventions for pregnant women
Which country has the highest prevalence of standing in children under five years of age?
Africa
Which country has the highest prevalence of obesity in adults?
America
Which country has the lowest percentage of underweight children under five years of age?
America
Which country had to Lowest prevalence of wasting in children under five years of age?
America's
normal weight for adults
BMI is 18.5 to 25
overweight for adults
BMI is greater than 25
Obese for adults
BMI is greater than 30
underweight for adults
BMI is less than 18.5
Older adults need to consume what in order to prevent osteoporosis?
Calcium
What condition has emerged as one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st-century?
Childhood obesity
What is the window of opportunity?
Conception to two years of age
Obesity and overweight can affect?
Debt and illness, worker productivity, mental health, academic achievement in children
Which country has the lowest percentage of low birth weight
East Asia and pacific
Which country has the lowest prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age?
Europe and America
What type of foods can be harmful if consumed in large amounts?
Fat, cholesterol, sugar and salt
Which sex has the highest prevalence of obesity in adults?
Females
Addressing undernutrition
Introduce packaging for supplementation with vitamin a and zinc for children age 6 to 59 month, management of severe acute malnutrition, management of moderate a cute nutrition
What other elements are important for the health of a woman and child?
Iron , iodine, folate, zinc, and calcium
How has obesity increase worldwide since 1980 ?
It has nearly doubled
Over consumption of sugar leads to
Large amount of energy without nutrients
Poor nutrition can impact?
Maternal health, income, health status of children, children's ability to grow, life expectancy
Adult to drink one SSB or more per day are known to
More likely to be overweight or obese by 27%
Poorly nourish adolescent girls versus well nourished adolescent girls?
Much more likely to give birth to an underweight child and explain its complications during birth
Package of interventions for pregnant women examples?
Multiple micro nutrient fortification, promotion of appropriate breast-feeding practices, appropriate complementary feeding
Can children who are stunted able to make up later for their retarded growth?
No
Yeah ability of older people to live on their own can depend on what?
Nutritional status
Dietary fibers helps prevent
Obesity, diabetes, CVD and various cancers
Addressing future nutrition challenges
Policymakers need to understand the importance of nutrition to good health and human for Productivity, governments need to work with the food industry to improve the way foods are fortified and processed, further research, create partnerships
Children need to be sufficient in what?
Protein, energy, fats, iodine, iron, vitamin a, and zinc
What do adolescents need to grow?
Proteins, energy,iron, iodine, folic acid, and calcium
Whole grains are often process to produce what
Refined carbohydrates, which removes the majority of the fibers and other nutrients
Addressing overweight and obesity?
Set global nutrition and physical activity standards, promote campaigns aligne national dietary goals, restaurant unhealthy food marketing aimed at children, schools can encourage healthy eating
Which country has the highest percentage of prevalence of low birth rate
South Asia
Which country has the highest prevalence of underweight children under five years of age?
South east Asia
Which country has the highest prevalence of wasting in children under five years of age?
South east Asia
Which country has the lowest prevalence of obesity in adults?
South east Asia
And extremely important determinant of the extent to which a child will drive and become a healthy adult
The birth weight of the baby
Children will grow best and stay healthy is if what?
They are breast-fed for the first six months
Who has the highest proportion of the worlds obese people?
United States
Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages has been known to promote
Weight gain type two diabetes and coronary heart disease
What is important for adults to incorporate in order to stay productive?
Well-balanced diet with protein, energy, Iron
Sources of dietary fibers include
Whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables
height for age
a child is stunted it its height for age is two z scores below the international reference for height for age
Weight for age
a child is underweight if its weight is two z scores below the international reference weight for age
iron deficiency
anemia, fatigue, and weakness; pregnant women with a iron deficiency can give birth to a premature or low birth weight child, hemorrhaging, or die
.how is overweight measured by children
by wasting
what helps the reduction of hypertensive disorders in pregnacny
calcium with supplementation
millennium development goal # 1
eradicate poverty and hunger
overweight
excess weight relative to height height measured by BMI
stunting
failure to grow vertically or taller and reach full potential due to inadequate nutrition or poor health
iron is found in
fish, meat, poultry, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and dries beans
gauging nutritional status ( infants and children)
gauged by measuring and weighing them, then plotting weight and height on a growth chart
deficiency in iodine
goiters; failure to grow intellectual potential; occur in people who live in mountainous regions.
vitamin A is immortant for
growth and proper immune function
severe deficiency of zinc
growth and retardation, impaired immune system, skin disorders, cognitive dysfunction
saturated and trans fat are known to
harm cardiovascular health by raising cholesterol levels
high sodium lead to
hypertension; stroke; fatal coronary disease
under-nutrition
indexes for children undernourished include height -for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height.
defiencies od folic acid in pregnant women
leads to neural tube defects in children; ex. spina bifida
folic acid and calcium is found in
leafy green vegetables, enrich products like flour; dairy products
vitamin A is found in
leafy green vegetables, yellow and orange fruits but not citrus, carrots
most of the obese and overweight people are
low to middle income countries
underweight
low weight for age
zinc deficency risks
morbidity and mortality from diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria
what percent of the worlds population is overweight or obese
nearly 30%
zinc is found in
red and white meat and shellfish
saturated and trans fat are largely found in
red meat, dairy products, with trans fat mainly found in processed foods made with hydrogenated oils.
sodium is mainnly found in
restaurants and processed foods
iodine is found in
seafood, plants that are grown in iodine rich soil
what determine normal growth in a child
the child's position growth curve
malnutrition
those who do not get proper nutrition
leading risk factor for death of children under 5 GLOBALLY
underweight
components to a healthy diet
vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, limit on processed meats
wasting
weight divided by height that is two z scores below the international reference
deficiency in vitamin A
xeropthalmia; eventually leads to permanent blindness; can cause illness to become more ssevere
