Nutrition Ch. 10

Water-soluble vitamins

-hydrophilic -essential nutrients -organic -excess is excreted through urine -needed every few days

Fat-soluble vitamins

-hydrophobic -essential nutrients -organic -may require a protein for transport

Requires a secretion in the stomach known as intrinsic factor for absorption:

B12

Deficiency symptom- degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis

B12 Vitamin

Deficiency symptom- microcytic anemia

B6 Vitamin

T or F: Hard-cooked eggs are the best natural source of folate.

False- significant sources of folate are fortified grains, leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, and liver.

T or F: Studies clearly show that vitamin C aids in the prevention and treatment of the common cold.

False- some studies show no relationship

_______-soluble vitamins are more likely to reach toxic levels in the body.

Fat

Can be made from the amino acid typotophan:

Niacin

Deficiency symptom- liver damage

Niacin

Deficiency symptom- cracks and redness at corners of the mouth

Riboflavin

T or F: Many older adults develop vitamin B12 deficiency because they have atrophic gastritis.

True

T or F: Red bell peppers provide more vitamin C per serving than do oranges.

True

T or F: The niacin-deficiency disease pellagra produces the symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and, eventually death.

True

Which symptom is an early indicator of scurvy? a. Bleeding gums b. Rough, scaly skin c. Depression d. Impaired wound healing

a. Bleeding gums

Which supplement is among those with the most significant risk of adverse interactions with medication? a. Calcium b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E

a. Calcium

How often does the body need B vitamins and vitamin C to be consumed? a. Every one to three days b. Once a week c. Every few weeks d. The body can synthesize these

a. Every one to three days

If Amelia wants to improve the absorption of iron from her diet, which food should she pair with her pork loin? a. Red peppers b. Whole wheat noodles c. A cup of milk d. A banana

a. Red peppers

Which health problem results from a folate deficiency? a. The production of red blood cells falters. b. Sensitivity to insulin increases. c. Homocysteine levels decrease. d. The skin develops a rash or hives.

a. The production of red blood cells falters.

Which statement accurately describes water-soluble vitamins? a. They are absorbed quickly into the blood. b. Their transport may require transport proteins. c. They are likely to reach toxic levels when consumed in supplements. d. They are needed in periodic does, perhaps weekly or monthly.

a. They are absorbed quickly into the blood.

In understanding how much of a vitamin a person is getting, it's important to understand not only the amount of the vitamin present in food, but also the amount that can be absorbed and used. What is another term for this? a. Magnetism b. Bioavailability c. Metabolization d. Solubility

b. Bioavailability

Which food will provide the most vitamin C per serving? a. Plain yogurt b. Broccoli c. Pinto beans d. Tofu

b. Broccoli

Which food is the best source of vitamin B6? a. Carrots b. Chicken breast c. Oranges d. Flour tortillas

b. Chicken breast

Which of these foods is an excellent source of riboflavin? a. Watermelon b. Liver c. Carrots d. Pinto beans e. Tuna, canned in water

b. Liver

Which B vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan after protein synthesis needs have been met? a. Biotin b. Niacin c. Thiamin d. Riboflavin

b. Niacin

Which health condition is associated with a deficiency in vitamin B12? a. Pellagra b. Pernicious anemia c. Goiter d. Night blindness

b. Pernicious anemia

Which of these foods is an exceptional source of thiamin? a. Potatoes b. Pork c. Beef d. Tomato juice e. Eggs

b. Pork

Which one of the following steps can help minimize vitamin losses? a. Keep fresh fruits and vegetables at room temperature. b. Rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after. c. Store fruits and vegetables uncovered. d. Avoid microwaving vegetables; boil instead.

b. Rinse fruits and vegetables before cutting, not after.

Which standard, included in the Dietary Reference Intakes, address the possibility of adverse effects resulting from high doses of nutrients? a. Recommended Daily Amount b. Tolerable Upper Intake Level c. USDA Food Patterns d. Adequate Intake

b. Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Which is a hydrophilic vitamin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E

b. Vitamin C

A water-soluble vitamin commonly known for helping hair and nails grow faster:

biotin

What is the rate and extent of a nutrient's absorption and use? a. Activity quotient b. Bioactivity c. Bioavailability d. Availability ratio

c. Bioavailability

Which method of food production is NOT destructive to pantothenic acid? a. Canning b. Freezing c. Microwaving d. Refining

c. Microwaving

Which food(s) provide the greatest amounts of riboflavin? a. Green vegetables b. Potatoes and tomatoes c. Milk and milk products d. Red meat

c. Milk and milk products

What is the name of the niacin-deficiency disease? a. Anemia b. Beriberi c. Pellagra d. Scurvy

c. Pellagra

While fat-soluble vitamins are hydrophobic, meaning they dislike water, water-soluble vitamins are hydrophilic, meaning they like water. This is more commonly referred to as the vitamin's: a. Water behavior b. Dispersion c. Solubility d. Catalyst

c. Solubility

Which statement is true of vitamin C? a. Vitamin C gains electrons easily, allowing it to perform as an antioxidant. b. Vitamin C hinders the absorption of iron. c. Vitamin C is essential in the formation of collagen. d. Vitamin C needs are decreased during times of physical and emotional stress.

c. Vitamin C is essential in the formation of collagen.

Which health condition is a result of prolonged thiamin deficiency? a. Scurvy b. Rickets c. Anemia d. Beriberi

d. Beriberi

Which of the following essential nutrients is commonly grouped with the B vitamins, even though it is not defined as a vitamin? a. Cobalamin b. Biotin c. Pantothenic acid d. Choline

d. Choline

For which population subgroup is the need for vitamin C increased? a. Teenagers b. Overweight individuals c. Older people d. Cigarette smokers

d. Cigarette smokers

Taking too much vitamin C can interfere with the body's absorption of which mineral? a. Iron b. Magnesium c. Selenium d. Copper

d. Copper

Which health problem can result from choline toxicity? a. Accelerated growth b. Dry mouth c. An inability to sweat d. Low blood pressure

d. Low blood pressure

Which supplement shows consistent benefit for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or stroke? a. Vitamin D b. Calcium c. Vitamin C d. None of these

d. None of these

Which deficiency disease produces the symptoms known as the "four Ds"? a. Scurvy b. Anemia c. Beriberi d. Pellagra

d. Pellagra

Which B vitamin can be destroyed by UV or fluorescent lights? a. Folate b. Niacin c. Thiamin d. Riboflavin

d. Riboflavin

Which of the following diseases results from a vitamin C deficiency? a. Goiter b. Anencephaly c. Anemia d. Scurvy

d. Scurvy

Which biological process requires vitamin C? a. Production of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) b. Synthesis of DNA c. Activation of folate d. Synthesis of collagen

d. Synthesis of collagen

Which factor does NOT determine a vitamin's bioavailability? a. Whether it is synthetic or naturally occurring b. Food preparation method c. The consumer's nutrition status d. The consumer's hydration status

d. The consumer's hydration status

A water-soluble vitamin known to prevent neural-tube defects in babies:

folate

Because vitamin B12 and ______ are so closely related in structure and function, both are frequently used to in the same biological processes.

folate

Can help prevent spina bifida and other neural tube defects:

folate

One of the reasons that folate fortification is controversial is that folate can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency and cause serious damage to the _____ system.

nervous

Compounds, such as beta-carotene, that can be converted into active vitamins are known as _________.

precursors

The primary sign and symptom of pernicious anemia, which is related to both a deficiency in vitamin B12 and folate, is in the structural formation of the ____________.

red blood cells

Also known as vitamin B2:

riboflavin

A deficiency in this water-soluble vitamin can lead to a condition called beriberi:

thiamin

Requires intrinsic factor for absorption:

vitamin B12

An antioxidant vitamin:

vitamin C

A fat-soluble vitamin:

vitamin K