Nutrition Ch 13
Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about ______.
30
Identify the health problems associated with excess weight.
CVD Hypertension
How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
RMR is higher
A person's ____ is about 10% higher than his or her ____
RMR or Resting Metabolic Rate BMR or Basal Metabolic Rate
When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ______.
age, weight, height
Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation.
healthy sleep mindful eating practices physical activity
If fat is deposited in the ______ area, it poses a greater risk for chronic disease.
abdominal
When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ______.
are relatively inexpensive involve minimal equipment
The most costly conditions associated with obesity include ______.
arthritis coronary artery disease type 2 diabetes
A person's blood leptin level is directly proportional to his or her amount of _____.
body fat
The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______.
energy output
A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a ____ diet
fad
The two-component model includes
fat-free mass. fat mass.
Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cells?
insulin
The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called _____ ______
underwater weighing
Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.
24
_______medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity.
Bariatric
All of the following are examples of energy output EXCEPT:
Calories consumed in a large meal
Factors of energy output include:
Digestion Physical Activity Metabolism
_____ methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools.
Direct
____ fat forms a protective structure under the abdominal muscle whereas ____fat holds skin in place.
Visceral or Visceral fat subcutaneous
Total body fat includes ______.
adipose tissue essential fat
A person with central-body obesity has a body that is ______ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is ______ shaped.
apple; pear
Choose the weight-loss practices that will help a person achieve a weight-loss.
assessing hormone levels that are known to affect body weight reduce calorie intake by 500 to 750 kcal/day reduce intake of ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and sugars
Choose the true statements about hypothyroidism.
associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue
Essential fat is found in ______.
cell membranes nervous tissue certain bones
Combining _____ calorie intake with _____ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.
decreased; increased
Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation.
hormonal imbalance sleep deprivation high stress
Increasing your physical activity will _____ how many calories you burn.
increase
Lean body mass, increased body surface area, and excess thyroid hormone all ______ the basal metabolic rate.
increase
The percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017.
increased
Choose the weight-loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss.
lipase inhibitor
Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include:
metabolic rate body frame hormone production
Children are ____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnant.
more
Choose the factors that will increase a person's basal metabolic rate.
post-exercise recovery stress lactation
Fad diets ______.
rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problem limit food selections to a few food groups
What are two physical sensations that occur to help regulate eating behavior?
stomach expansion hunger pains
Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation?
Energy input = Energy output
Factors that influence the basal metabolic rate include ______.
age body composition body surface area
Factors that increase a person's basal metabolic rate include ______.
tall stature periods of growth caffeine
Match the term with its correct definition. Basal Metabolic rate Resting Metabolice rate
Basal metabolic rate ====>Minimal number of of calories the body uses to support vital activities Resting metabolic rate ====>Body's rate of energy use a few hours after resting and eating
When adults grow older, they develop sarcopenia, which is defined as ______.
a loss of muscle tissue
What mechanisms make energy balance complex?
adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person metabolic rates differ hormone levels influence weight loss
The medical specialty that focuses on obesity treatment is known as ______
bariatrics
Choose the hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating.
ghrelin
Obese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights.
greater
Choose roles of insulin in energy balance.
inhibits lipolysis in fat cells promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver
An adipokine (a group of hormones secreted by fat cells) that reduces hunger and increases energy expenditure in the body is called _______
leptin
A person who is overfat will weigh _____ underwater compared to a person who is lean.
less
Choose the true statements about mindfulness.
may reduce emotional eating has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practices
Apple-shaped (central-body fat distribution) obesity is associated with ______.
men with an "apple" body shape increased risk for serious, chronic diseases
The practice of living and responding to the present moment with an attitude of observance and nonjudgment is called _____
mindfulness
______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.
obesity
Hunger pangs and the stomach stretching to capacity are all physical sensations that
regulate eating behavior.
The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called
satiety
The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called ______
satiety
Women generally have more _____ fat than men
subcutaneous
Commonly used approaches to measuring body composition for physical fitness evaluate fat mass and fat-free mass. This is called the
two-component model.
Choose the serious health problems that are associated with obesity
vascular disease metabolic syndrome nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
The hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating behavior and promotes energy storage is called ____
gherkin
A person taking a _____ inhibitor for weight loss often takes a multiple vitamin supplement to replace fat-soluble vitamins lost when fat digestion is reduced by 30%.
Lipase
Which is an example of a logical approach to weight loss?
increasing physical activity
People with hypothyroidism may experience ______.
reduced metabolic rate weight gain fatigue
Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese.
50%
Match the term with its correct definition. hunger satiety appetite
Satiety ===> Feeling of fullness after consuming food Appetite ====>The psychological desire to eat Hunger ====>An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food
Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process.
weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses
