Nutrition Ch. 16

What is the nutrition paradox?

- Coexistence of stunting and overweight/obesity in the same region, household, or person - Factors: * Trend toward decreased physical activity * Global shift in diet toward increased intake of energy-dense foods low in micronutrients and fiber

What is the link between poverty and obesity?

- Obesity is more prevalent in low-income populations - In the United States, a reduction in family income during early childhood increases the child's risk for becoming overweight/obese - Hunger-obesity paradox: low-income people are obese while also deficient in one or more nutrients, or even hungry

What are determinants of under nutrition?

- Results from not getting enough to eat - Poor nutritional status can affect offspring in utero

What is stunting?

- Shorter than expected for and individual's chronological age; chronically undernourished

Describe food security (UN definition). How many are insecure in the US, in OR?

- Unreliable access to a sufficient supply of nourishing food and inequities in agriculture and food-service employment * 4 levels of food security: food secure, marginally food secure, low food security, very low food security - United Nations estimates one in nine people in the world is chronically undernourished, 98% live in developing nations - U.S. 12.7% of households - Oregon 16.1% of households

What is wasting?

- Very low body weight for height, or extreme thinness * A hallmark of severe acute malnutrition (SAM)

What is a food desert?

Geographical areas that lack access to fresh, healthy, and affordable food—rural and inner-city

What are the top 5 micronutrient deficiencies that occur in impoverished countries?

Iron, Iodine, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, and Folate

What is the relationship between malnutrition, infection, work capacity and poverty?

Malnutrition makes a person more susceptible to infection, decreasing their work capacity and contributing to poverty.

How common is under nutrition in the world?

Very common

Is there enough food in the world to feed everyone currently? Why are so many insecure?

Yes; food waste, food distribution, overpopulation, etc.