Nutrition Ch 3
how is the stomach lining protected by the stomachs acidic environment
a mucus lining
heartburn
a pain felt in the chest that results from the passage of acidic contents from stomach into esophagus
facilitated diffusion
a process of absorption the requires a carrier protein but no energy
duodenum
bicarbonate (alkaline fluid) is secreted here
one substance responsible for the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine
bile
the main function of __________________ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion
bile
what factors can upset the normal balance of intestinal microflora
emotion stress antibiotic use starvation
the ____________________ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea during food consumption
epiglottis
prebiotics
food components that beneficial bacteria in the large intestine use for fuel
where is chyme formed
in the stomach
what can metabolize undigested food, make vitamins K and biotin, and produce substances that the colon can use for energy
intestinal bacteris
which intestine does not have villi
large
the ______________ uses cholesterol to produce bile
liver
constipation can be caused by a diet that is ___________ in fiber and water
low
hollow space in GI tract through which food and fluid pass
lumen
functions of liver
manufacture bile make cholesterol
illeum
minimal absorption happens here
what contributes to heart burn
over eating smoking excess body fat
2 organs that secrete most of digestive tract enzymes
pancreas small intestine
the circulation of nutrients to the liver via the _________ vein
portal
diverticulosis
presence of tiny pouches that form in wall of colon
main function of lower esophagus sphincter
prevent the flow of food to the stomach from entering too quickly
diverticuli
small pouches formed in the wall of the colon
risk factors that may contribute to ulcer development
smoking heavy alcohol consumption regular use of NSAIDs- motrin, aspirin, etc
amylase is the enzyme needed to digest what
starch
dumping syndrome occurs after which surgeries
stomach surgery esophageal surgery bariatric surgery
a person with dumping syndrome may experience what after eating
sweating nausea abdominal fullness
sphincters
thickened region of muscle that function like valves to control the flow of contents at various points in GI tract
peristalsis
waves of muscular contraction that propel food down GI tract
jujenum
absorption of nutrients occurs in upper part
inflammatory bowel disease tyoically results from
an abnormal immune response to an environmental trigger
nutrition therapy for mild diarrhea
consuming more fluids and fiber daily
common signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease
diarrhea fever abdominal cramps
dumping syndrome
disorder that occurs when chyme flows too rapidly into small intestine
identify symptoms of GERD
gagging nausea hoarseness
what foods are likely to cause choking in children
hard candy hot dogs popcorn
prompt treatment for diarrhea is especially important for
infants elderly
crohns disease often results from the formation of
intestinal abscesses fistulas intestinal blockages
the mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of
mechanical digestion
a slippery, alkaline substance that protects the stomach from its acid and digestive enzymes is called
mucus
almost all of macronutrients are digested and absorbed in which intestine
small
the length of tie it takes for the stomach to empty depends on what
the amount of liquid consumed amount of food and nutrients consumed
irritable bowel syndrome is more common in
women
secretin
hormone that stimulates the pancreas and liver to release a bicarbonate rich solution to raise the pH of chyme
what regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
what are the components of saliva
salivary amylase lysozyme lingual lipase
5 tastes
salty bitter sweet sour umami
absorbtion
process of removing nutrients from the intestinal tract and enabling them to enter the circulatory or lymphatic system