Nutrition Ch 3

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how is the stomach lining protected by the stomachs acidic environment

a mucus lining

heartburn

a pain felt in the chest that results from the passage of acidic contents from stomach into esophagus

facilitated diffusion

a process of absorption the requires a carrier protein but no energy

duodenum

bicarbonate (alkaline fluid) is secreted here

one substance responsible for the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine

bile

the main function of __________________ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion

bile

what factors can upset the normal balance of intestinal microflora

emotion stress antibiotic use starvation

the ____________________ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea during food consumption

epiglottis

prebiotics

food components that beneficial bacteria in the large intestine use for fuel

where is chyme formed

in the stomach

what can metabolize undigested food, make vitamins K and biotin, and produce substances that the colon can use for energy

intestinal bacteris

which intestine does not have villi

large

the ______________ uses cholesterol to produce bile

liver

constipation can be caused by a diet that is ___________ in fiber and water

low

hollow space in GI tract through which food and fluid pass

lumen

functions of liver

manufacture bile make cholesterol

illeum

minimal absorption happens here

what contributes to heart burn

over eating smoking excess body fat

2 organs that secrete most of digestive tract enzymes

pancreas small intestine

the circulation of nutrients to the liver via the _________ vein

portal

diverticulosis

presence of tiny pouches that form in wall of colon

main function of lower esophagus sphincter

prevent the flow of food to the stomach from entering too quickly

diverticuli

small pouches formed in the wall of the colon

risk factors that may contribute to ulcer development

smoking heavy alcohol consumption regular use of NSAIDs- motrin, aspirin, etc

amylase is the enzyme needed to digest what

starch

dumping syndrome occurs after which surgeries

stomach surgery esophageal surgery bariatric surgery

a person with dumping syndrome may experience what after eating

sweating nausea abdominal fullness

sphincters

thickened region of muscle that function like valves to control the flow of contents at various points in GI tract

peristalsis

waves of muscular contraction that propel food down GI tract

jujenum

absorption of nutrients occurs in upper part

inflammatory bowel disease tyoically results from

an abnormal immune response to an environmental trigger

nutrition therapy for mild diarrhea

consuming more fluids and fiber daily

common signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease

diarrhea fever abdominal cramps

dumping syndrome

disorder that occurs when chyme flows too rapidly into small intestine

identify symptoms of GERD

gagging nausea hoarseness

what foods are likely to cause choking in children

hard candy hot dogs popcorn

prompt treatment for diarrhea is especially important for

infants elderly

crohns disease often results from the formation of

intestinal abscesses fistulas intestinal blockages

the mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of

mechanical digestion

a slippery, alkaline substance that protects the stomach from its acid and digestive enzymes is called

mucus

almost all of macronutrients are digested and absorbed in which intestine

small

the length of tie it takes for the stomach to empty depends on what

the amount of liquid consumed amount of food and nutrients consumed

irritable bowel syndrome is more common in

women

secretin

hormone that stimulates the pancreas and liver to release a bicarbonate rich solution to raise the pH of chyme

what regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

pyloric sphincter

what are the components of saliva

salivary amylase lysozyme lingual lipase

5 tastes

salty bitter sweet sour umami

absorbtion

process of removing nutrients from the intestinal tract and enabling them to enter the circulatory or lymphatic system


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