Nutrition Ch 3
Starting at the site of oxygen transfer into the blood, put the circulation components in the order they occur in the body during circulation.
1-In the lungs, blood becomes oxygenated. 2-Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of your heart. 3-Oxygenated blood circulates from left side of the heart to the body. 4-Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart.
Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?
A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.
The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
Which of the following are functions of the nervous system?
Detects sensations Directs movements Controls intellectual functioning
The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.
HCl acid
Depression and stress likely contribute to the development of
IBS
Which of the following are roles of the endocrine system?
Produces hormones Maintains water balance Plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism
How do viral or bacterial infections cause diarrhea?
Substances are produced that cause the intestinal cells to secrete fluid rather than absorb fluid.
Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach?
The stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus.
The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of
amylase
What can be taken to reduce acid in the stomach?
antacids
Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.
antacids calcium iron
The microbial metabolism of fiber is used ______.
as energy for the cells that line the intestine
Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?
barley and wheat
What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?
bile
Which of the following yields energy?
carbs, protein, fat
Transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body
cardiovascular system
A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of _____.
celiac disease
name common features that all cells share
cytoplasm, organelles, membranes
Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease?
dietary exposure to gluten and genetic predisposition of celiac disease
Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically
digestive system
Preventing pathogens from invading the body is a shared role of which two of the following systems?
digestive system and immune system
The imbalance of "good" and "bad" microbes in the gut is termed ______
dysbiosis
Regulates metabolism through the action of hormones
endocrine system
For individuals with GERD, gnawing pain in the upper chest is caused by the movement of acid from the stomach into the
esophagus
True or false: The digestive system is the body system primarily in charge of regulating metabolism.
f; endocrine system
lacteals are responsibles for transporting what
fat
Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer?
frequent use of NSAIDS
Which of the following carbohydrates could contribute to IBS?
fructose and sugar alcohols
Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____
gerd
What is essential for immune system development and maintenance?
healthy gut microbiota
To alleviate ______, avoid lying down after eating and raise the head of your bed 6 inches.
heartburn
What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?
ileocecal
Dysbiosis is implicated in several long-term gastrointestinal problems such as ______.
irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory bowel diseasee
The pain related to GERD is due to
irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.
Which digestive organ has no villi or digestive enzymes, has a number of mucus-producing cells, and absorbs water, some vitamins, some fatty acids, and the minerals sodium and potassium?
large intestine
the break down of small amount of fat in the mouth is due to
lipase
Removes foreign substances from the blood and aids in fat absorption
lymphatic system
A community of 100 trillion microorganism that colonizes throughout the body is termed ______.
microbiota
Where does short-term storage of carbohydrate occur?
muscle and liver in form of glycogen
Detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions
nervous system
The starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, is produced by the ______ and ______.
pancreas and salivary glands
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in
partially digesting protein. - HCl activating some digestive enzymes. making dietary minerals soluble.
For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?
peptic ulcer
what to blood and lymph have in common
plasma WBC
A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a
prebiotic
The digestive system supports the immune system by
preventing pathogens in food from invading the body.
Foods containing live microorganisms (e.g., lactobacilli), which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health, are called
probiotics
Gluten is a type of ______ found in wheat, rye, and barley.
protein
What is the part of the nervous system that receives information about what is happening within the body and in the outside environment?
receptors
Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the
rectum
"Heartburn" doesn't involve the heart at all; it is a pain in the chest caused by
reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.
There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Drag the description of the secretion or digestive product to its correct classification.
saliva - lubricates food in preparation of swallowing mucus- serves as protective lining for digestive tract of organs enzymes- promotes digestion of nutrients into components that are small enough for absorption bile- helps fat digestion by suspending fat in water in the small intestine bicarbonate- neutrilizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine HCl- destroys pathogens, solubilizes minerals and activates proteins
Chyme passes from the stomach into the ______.
small intestine
The endocrine system is related to nutrition through
the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth.
A(n) ______ is a group of cells that works together to perform a specific function.
tissue
Excessive acid production in the stomach could result in
ulcers
moves waste products from the circulatory system
urinary system
The digestive system not only processes the foods we eat, but it is also the site of some nutrient production. Which two nutrients are produced by bacteria that live in the large intestine?
vit k and biotin
A major function of the large intestine is to absorb
water