Nutrition Ch 3

Starting at the site of oxygen transfer into the blood, put the circulation components in the order they occur in the body during circulation.

1-In the lungs, blood becomes oxygenated. 2-Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of your heart. 3-Oxygenated blood circulates from left side of the heart to the body. 4-Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart.

Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?

A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.

The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called

ATP - adenosine triphosphate

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system?

Detects sensations Directs movements Controls intellectual functioning

The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.

HCl acid

Depression and stress likely contribute to the development of

IBS

Which of the following are roles of the endocrine system?

Produces hormones Maintains water balance Plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism

How do viral or bacterial infections cause diarrhea?

Substances are produced that cause the intestinal cells to secrete fluid rather than absorb fluid.

Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach?

The stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus.

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of

amylase

What can be taken to reduce acid in the stomach?

antacids

Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.

antacids calcium iron

The microbial metabolism of fiber is used ______.

as energy for the cells that line the intestine

Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?

barley and wheat

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?

bile

Which of the following yields energy?

carbs, protein, fat

Transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body

cardiovascular system

A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of _____.

celiac disease

name common features that all cells share

cytoplasm, organelles, membranes

Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease?

dietary exposure to gluten and genetic predisposition of celiac disease

Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically

digestive system

Preventing pathogens from invading the body is a shared role of which two of the following systems?

digestive system and immune system

The imbalance of "good" and "bad" microbes in the gut is termed ______

dysbiosis

Regulates metabolism through the action of hormones

endocrine system

For individuals with GERD, gnawing pain in the upper chest is caused by the movement of acid from the stomach into the

esophagus

True or false: The digestive system is the body system primarily in charge of regulating metabolism.

f; endocrine system

lacteals are responsibles for transporting what

fat

Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer?

frequent use of NSAIDS

Which of the following carbohydrates could contribute to IBS?

fructose and sugar alcohols

Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____

gerd

What is essential for immune system development and maintenance?

healthy gut microbiota

To alleviate ______, avoid lying down after eating and raise the head of your bed 6 inches.

heartburn

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

ileocecal

Dysbiosis is implicated in several long-term gastrointestinal problems such as ______.

irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory bowel diseasee

The pain related to GERD is due to

irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

Which digestive organ has no villi or digestive enzymes, has a number of mucus-producing cells, and absorbs water, some vitamins, some fatty acids, and the minerals sodium and potassium?

large intestine

the break down of small amount of fat in the mouth is due to

lipase

Removes foreign substances from the blood and aids in fat absorption

lymphatic system

A community of 100 trillion microorganism that colonizes throughout the body is termed ______.

microbiota

Where does short-term storage of carbohydrate occur?

muscle and liver in form of glycogen

Detects sensations, controls physiological and intellectual functions

nervous system

The starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, is produced by the ______ and ______.

pancreas and salivary glands

The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in

partially digesting protein. - HCl activating some digestive enzymes. making dietary minerals soluble.

For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?

peptic ulcer

what to blood and lymph have in common

plasma WBC

A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a

prebiotic

The digestive system supports the immune system by

preventing pathogens in food from invading the body.

Foods containing live microorganisms (e.g., lactobacilli), which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health, are called

probiotics

Gluten is a type of ______ found in wheat, rye, and barley.

protein

What is the part of the nervous system that receives information about what is happening within the body and in the outside environment?

receptors

Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the

rectum

"Heartburn" doesn't involve the heart at all; it is a pain in the chest caused by

reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.

There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Drag the description of the secretion or digestive product to its correct classification.

saliva - lubricates food in preparation of swallowing mucus- serves as protective lining for digestive tract of organs enzymes- promotes digestion of nutrients into components that are small enough for absorption bile- helps fat digestion by suspending fat in water in the small intestine bicarbonate- neutrilizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine HCl- destroys pathogens, solubilizes minerals and activates proteins

Chyme passes from the stomach into the ______.

small intestine

The endocrine system is related to nutrition through

the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth.

A(n) ______ is a group of cells that works together to perform a specific function.

tissue

Excessive acid production in the stomach could result in

ulcers

moves waste products from the circulatory system

urinary system

The digestive system not only processes the foods we eat, but it is also the site of some nutrient production. Which two nutrients are produced by bacteria that live in the large intestine?

vit k and biotin

A major function of the large intestine is to absorb

water