Nutrition Ch 4
_____ _____ ____ are the 9 amino acids that the body cannot provide adequately and must be derived from the diet.
essential amino acids
food groups with low protein
fruits, veggies, grains
Proteins are continuously created and destroyed. When a protein is no longer needed, it breaks down and leaves ______ the amino acids used to make a new one.
half
Enzymes are proteins that, among other things:
help assemble disaccharides into starch, cellulose, or glycogen
Plants have ____ bioavailability.
high
Animal proteins, with the exception of gelatin, are ____-____ proteins
high-quality
_____ proteins are proteins without all the essential amino acids. You would need a combination of these foods to get all the essential amino acids. Legumes, nuts, corn, and rice are all examples.
incomplete
In a high protein, low carb diet the body might go into ______, where there are higher levels of ketones in the blood.
ketosis
______may cause headache, nausea, mental fatigue and bad breath, while increasing the risk for kidney stones and gout.
ketosis
while protein excess is not generally harmful to healthy ____, eating too much can worsen existing ____ disease because it increases the work load.
kidney(s)
______ is more likely to affect older infants and young children.
kwashiorkor
a ____-____ protein is an incomplete protein or one with low bioavailability
low-quality
Functions of proteins in the body include:
serving as structural components, supplying hormones to regulate body processes, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
Marasmus can be distinguished from kwashiorkor because in marasmus:
severe wasting of body fat and muscle occurs
Each enzyme protein in the body has a specific function determined by its unique _____.
shape
____ ____ give amino acids their identity.
side groups.
High quality proteins generally don't include plant proteins, with the exception of ___.
soy
by replacing animal fats with ____ fats, you can lower your risk for heart disease
vegetable
Animals have _____ bioavailability
very high
____ (abrerviation) is the most widespread malnutrition in the world.
PEM
Pneumonic for 9 amino acids
PVT TIM HALL
the 9 or amino acids
Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine Leucine Lysine
An incomplete protein lacks one or more:
amino acids
____ ____ are the building blocks of a protein. They link together to form a long chain of protein.
amino acids
the basic building blocks for proteins are:
amino acids
Major proteins in the blood that protect against bacteria and other disease agents are called:
antibodies
_____ is the conditionally essential amino acid needed in preterm infants or in trauma patients.
arginine
____ is the ease of digestion and absorption of a food. It depends on protein sources and the digestive capacity.
bioavailability
Enzymes can not only bind molecules together but ____ ____ products into reactants.
break down
____ and ____ are needed for protein to be used efficiently.
carbs and lipids
_____ proteins are two or more low-quality or incomplete proteins that, when put together, provide all the essential amino acids.
complementary
____ proteins provide all essential amino acids. examples are meat, fish, eggs, milk and soybeans.
complete
Restricting fiber in a high protein, low carb diet may cause ______ and diverticulitis.
constipation.
Food groups with rich protein sources
dairy and meat
The swelling of body tissue caused by the leakage of fluid from the blood vessels into the interstitial spaces is called:
edema
____ maneuvers the reactants so that they quickly bind together and for a product. when the product is released the ____ returns to its normal shape and becomes available for another reaction.
enzyme(s)
The RDA for protein for a healthy adult is ____ gram(s) per kilogram of appropriate body weight for height.
0.5
One morning, a child woke up with the following symptoms: edema in limbs and belly, fatty liver, poor osmotic pressure balance. They have no appetite, , a fatty liver and lesions on their skin. What do they have?
Kwashiorkor
If high in fat, eating too much protein may raise ____ levels.
LDL
Reactants bind to the enzyme's ____ ___ which changes its own shape resulting in a better fit with the reactants.
active site
An 18 month old child has slowly developed the following symptoms: stunted growth, stop of body function (except for heart, lungs and brain), deterioration of digestive enzymes. They have no detectable edema or fatty liver, and have a good appetite when given food. What do they have?
marasmus
When ____ happens, a person is getting insufficient calories, causing proteins to be used as energy. If left untreated, the body will shut down and muscle will waste away.
marasmus
_____ is more likely to affect infants.
marasmus
Generally speaking, foods that are complete proteins are derived from:
meats, fish, and poultry
proteins are chemically different from carbohydrates and fats because the also contain:
nitrogen
2 amino acids found in many protein supplements that can be toxic in high amounts.
proline and serine
Eating excess ____ increases risk for hear disease because of the high saturated fats and high kcal intake.
protein
Someone with Kwashiordor has insufficient _____.
protein
_____ _____ _____ is a protein or energy deficiency that arises from low protein or energy intake which results in proteins being used for energy.
protein energy malnutrition
Calcium loss in urine, increased heart disease and the worsening of existing kidney disease are all problems associated with ____ _____.
protein excess.
___ ___ is the ability of a protein in food to provide all needed amino acids. Bioavailability and amino acid composition determine the food's quality.
protein quality.
____ _____ is the process by which the body derives energy sources other than proteins. This allows proteins to be used for functions other than energy.
protein sparing
The major functions of ____ are forming the structures of tissue and carrying out functions in cells.
proteins