Nutrition- Ch 5 & 6
T/F When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy
true
best source of EPA and DHA
tuna
Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
unexpected weight loss
legal standard for drunkenness in the US
0.08
When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may 1) convert or 2) store some of the excess into ____
1) fat 2) glycogen
table sugar is nearly ______ carbs
100%
prediabetes
120 mg/dl
diabetes
138 mg/dl
Damaged LDL that is taken up by the arterial cells and forms plaque
Oxidized LDL
If age, weight, and sex are the same, a sporadic drinker and a chronic drinker with blood alcohol levels of 0.10 will ____
display different physical effects
How does a person's sex affect his or her tolerance to alcohol?
females have a lower tolerance
cholesterol is ____
found only in animal foods
An important monosaccharide for humans
fructose
Sucrose
fructose
monosaccharide
fructose, glucose, galactose
lactose
galactose
Nervous system cells rely on primary ____ for energy
glucose
example of a simple carb
glucose
maltose
glucose
The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes _____
insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body
Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbs. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat. As a result of this diet, Adrian's cells form more ____ than normal.
ketone bodies
breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose
lactase
According to the 2015-2020 dietary guidelines, _______ is a nutrient of public health concern.
lactose
Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by
level of caffeine consumed
main organ for detoxifying alcohol
liver
breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose
maltase
Which of the following disorders is a serious health consequence of poorly controlled diabetes, including gestational diabetes?
nerve damage, kidney failure, heart disease, miscarriage and vision loss
rich source of soluble fiber
oatmeal, citrus fruit, apples, carrots, beans, enriched white bread
IN the body, fat ____
provides insulation against cold temperatures
rich source of high-fructose corny syrup
regular soft drinks
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.
saturated
two major kinds of carbs
simple and complex carbs
signs and symptoms of diabetes
sores on feet that are not healing, thirstier than in the past, more frequent urination
Example of a complex carb
starch
The body uses cholesterol to make _____
steroid hormones and vitamin D
_____ is a source of sucrose
sugar cane
Mason would like to compare amounts of saturated fat in salad dressings. To obtain this info, he should read
the nutrition facts panel
Lipoproteins _____
transport lipids in the bloodstream
T/F The glycemic load of a food is related to the glycemic index?
true
naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids
walnuts, tuna
Alcohol will enter any tissues in the body that ____ enters
water
has the highest glycemic index
baked potato
Saturated fat
beef and butter
What foods have naturally occurring fatty acids?
beef, whole milk and butter
salivary amylase
begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth
has the highest glycemic load per serving
boiled white rice
rich source of fiber
brown rice
Carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream and transports cholesterol to cells
LDL
Lipoprotein that has the highest percentage of cholesterol
LDL
Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tune. She should read the
Nutrition facts panel
Contains only about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream but carries the largest share of the triglycerides
VLDL
Lipids have many functions in the body as well as in foods. Select all of the true statements
essential fatty acids must be supplied by food, subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm, phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes, cholesterol is used to make certain hormones
Which of the following is a heart healthy way to raise HDL cholesterol and/or lower LDL cholesterol
exercise reguarly, and choose more than one monounsaturated fat (olive oil)
In people with type ! diabetes who are not being treated for the condition, blood sugar levels remain high for several hours after eating a meal because their ______
pancreas does not make and release insulin
What functions of the body are most obviously affected by alcohol?
those controlled by the brain
T/F A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.
true
T/F Certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids
true
T/F Consuming more protein than you need can result in an increase in your body fat
true
T/F Fat adds to the flavor of foods
true
T/F Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose
true
T/F Info about the grams of total carbs in a serving of food is displayed on a food label
true
T/F The body generally breaks down foods that contain various digestible carbs at different rates
true
T/F The nutrition facts panel provides info about total carbs in a serving of food
true
What does a plant need to make carbs?
water, sunlight, carbon dioxide
rich source of insoluble fiber
whole grain bread, brown rice, sugar
Leah's parents are afraid the 5 yr old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened wit sugar. Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with
xylitol
nutritive sweetener
sugar, corn syrup, fructose, sorbitol, dextrose
Glycogen is
the form of carbs that us stored in the liver and muscle tissue
monosaturated fat
olive oil and peanut oil
hypoglycemia
65 mg/dl
Normal fasting glucose
85 mg/dl
Carries absorbed dietary lipids away from the intestinal tract
Chylomicron
______ is the primary fuel for inactive muscles.
Glucose
Transports cholesterol from cells to the liver
HDL
Fats in foods _____
add taste and contribute to "mouth feel"
Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets?
adipose cell
Insulin ____
allows cells to take in glucose
digestible carbs
amylopectin, glycogen
naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids
avacado, canola oil, peanuts
Jennifer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. Her blood sugar level remains high after a meal because her ______
cells do not respond to insulin
nondigestible carbs
cellulose, gums, pectins, mucilages
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than needed, the excess can be ____
converted into fat and is stored
groups of food are sources of starch
corn, potatoes, and rice
T/F Bc animals store glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish and poultry are good sources of the complex carb.
false
Ketone bodies form as a result of the partial breakdown of ___
fat
Triglycerides have ____ in their chemical structure
fatty acids
The primary site of triglyceride digestion and absorption is the ______
small intestines
Adipose cells ____
store triglycerides
nonnutritive sweetener
sucralose, acesulfame-K
breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose
sucrase
disaccharide
sucrose, lactose, maltose