Nutrition- Ch 5 & 6

T/F When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy

true

best source of EPA and DHA

tuna

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

unexpected weight loss

legal standard for drunkenness in the US

0.08

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may 1) convert or 2) store some of the excess into ____

1) fat 2) glycogen

table sugar is nearly ______ carbs

100%

prediabetes

120 mg/dl

diabetes

138 mg/dl

Damaged LDL that is taken up by the arterial cells and forms plaque

Oxidized LDL

If age, weight, and sex are the same, a sporadic drinker and a chronic drinker with blood alcohol levels of 0.10 will ____

display different physical effects

How does a person's sex affect his or her tolerance to alcohol?

females have a lower tolerance

cholesterol is ____

found only in animal foods

An important monosaccharide for humans

fructose

Sucrose

fructose

monosaccharide

fructose, glucose, galactose

lactose

galactose

Nervous system cells rely on primary ____ for energy

glucose

example of a simple carb

glucose

maltose

glucose

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes _____

insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbs. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat. As a result of this diet, Adrian's cells form more ____ than normal.

ketone bodies

breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose

lactase

According to the 2015-2020 dietary guidelines, _______ is a nutrient of public health concern.

lactose

Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by

level of caffeine consumed

main organ for detoxifying alcohol

liver

breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose

maltase

Which of the following disorders is a serious health consequence of poorly controlled diabetes, including gestational diabetes?

nerve damage, kidney failure, heart disease, miscarriage and vision loss

rich source of soluble fiber

oatmeal, citrus fruit, apples, carrots, beans, enriched white bread

IN the body, fat ____

provides insulation against cold temperatures

rich source of high-fructose corny syrup

regular soft drinks

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.

saturated

two major kinds of carbs

simple and complex carbs

signs and symptoms of diabetes

sores on feet that are not healing, thirstier than in the past, more frequent urination

Example of a complex carb

starch

The body uses cholesterol to make _____

steroid hormones and vitamin D

_____ is a source of sucrose

sugar cane

Mason would like to compare amounts of saturated fat in salad dressings. To obtain this info, he should read

the nutrition facts panel

Lipoproteins _____

transport lipids in the bloodstream

T/F The glycemic load of a food is related to the glycemic index?

true

naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids

walnuts, tuna

Alcohol will enter any tissues in the body that ____ enters

water

has the highest glycemic index

baked potato

Saturated fat

beef and butter

What foods have naturally occurring fatty acids?

beef, whole milk and butter

salivary amylase

begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth

has the highest glycemic load per serving

boiled white rice

rich source of fiber

brown rice

Carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream and transports cholesterol to cells

LDL

Lipoprotein that has the highest percentage of cholesterol

LDL

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tune. She should read the

Nutrition facts panel

Contains only about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream but carries the largest share of the triglycerides

VLDL

Lipids have many functions in the body as well as in foods. Select all of the true statements

essential fatty acids must be supplied by food, subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm, phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes, cholesterol is used to make certain hormones

Which of the following is a heart healthy way to raise HDL cholesterol and/or lower LDL cholesterol

exercise reguarly, and choose more than one monounsaturated fat (olive oil)

In people with type ! diabetes who are not being treated for the condition, blood sugar levels remain high for several hours after eating a meal because their ______

pancreas does not make and release insulin

What functions of the body are most obviously affected by alcohol?

those controlled by the brain

T/F A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.

true

T/F Certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids

true

T/F Consuming more protein than you need can result in an increase in your body fat

true

T/F Fat adds to the flavor of foods

true

T/F Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose

true

T/F Info about the grams of total carbs in a serving of food is displayed on a food label

true

T/F The body generally breaks down foods that contain various digestible carbs at different rates

true

T/F The nutrition facts panel provides info about total carbs in a serving of food

true

What does a plant need to make carbs?

water, sunlight, carbon dioxide

rich source of insoluble fiber

whole grain bread, brown rice, sugar

Leah's parents are afraid the 5 yr old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened wit sugar. Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with

xylitol

nutritive sweetener

sugar, corn syrup, fructose, sorbitol, dextrose

Glycogen is

the form of carbs that us stored in the liver and muscle tissue

monosaturated fat

olive oil and peanut oil

hypoglycemia

65 mg/dl

Normal fasting glucose

85 mg/dl

Carries absorbed dietary lipids away from the intestinal tract

Chylomicron

______ is the primary fuel for inactive muscles.

Glucose

Transports cholesterol from cells to the liver

HDL

Fats in foods _____

add taste and contribute to "mouth feel"

Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets?

adipose cell

Insulin ____

allows cells to take in glucose

digestible carbs

amylopectin, glycogen

naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids

avacado, canola oil, peanuts

Jennifer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. Her blood sugar level remains high after a meal because her ______

cells do not respond to insulin

nondigestible carbs

cellulose, gums, pectins, mucilages

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than needed, the excess can be ____

converted into fat and is stored

groups of food are sources of starch

corn, potatoes, and rice

T/F Bc animals store glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish and poultry are good sources of the complex carb.

false

Ketone bodies form as a result of the partial breakdown of ___

fat

Triglycerides have ____ in their chemical structure

fatty acids

The primary site of triglyceride digestion and absorption is the ______

small intestines

Adipose cells ____

store triglycerides

nonnutritive sweetener

sucralose, acesulfame-K

breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose

sucrase

disaccharide

sucrose, lactose, maltose