Nutrition ch 7
Which of the following is an example of a dish that includes a complementary combination of protein?
Red beans and rice
Anaphylactic shock is _____ that can occur when a person with a food allergy is exposed to the allergen.
a serious drop in blood pressure
Treatment of celiac disease requires
adherence to a gluten-free diet
Proteins are made up of nitrogen-containing units called _____.
amino acids
What is the end product of protein digestion?
amino acids
In severe cases, allergic reactions to a food can result in _____.
anaphylactic shock
Food manufacturers must identify _____ on the food label.
any of the most common food allergens that might be present in the food
People with _____ often experience health-related issues when consuming foods with sulfites.
asthma
Meat analogs are vegetarian products that _____.
can look and taste like their nonvegetarian counterparts
If _____ is left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems including intestinal cancer, anemia, and infertility.
celiac disease
Mixtures of certain plant foods that provide all essential amino acids without adding animal proteins are called _____ combinations.
complementary
Proteins that contain one or more _____ will not be able to support proper growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues.
limiting amino acids
A _____ protein lacks or contains inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids.
low-quality
An effective and recommended way to safely increase muscle mass is to perform muscle-strengthening exercises and _____.
maintain a nutritionally adequate diet
Excess amino acids are first stripped of their _____ portion (amino group), which is converted into ammonia.
nitrogen-containing
Amino acid and protein supplements are generally _____
not recommended because their long-term safety is not known
A _____ bond links two amino acids together.
peptide
Vegetarian diets generally provide more _____ than typical American diets.
phytochemicals
Quinoa and soybeans are _____.
plant sources of high-quality protein
A _____ is a chain of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
polypeptide
As a result of the immune response to gluten, villi in the small intestine are damaged, which results in _____.
poor nutrient absorption
For healthy adults, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for _____ is 10-35%
protein
Weight-loss diets, such as the Atkins diet, encourage high intakes of _____.
protein
In the United States, chronically ill, older adults are often at risk for _____ more than young and middle-aged adults
protein deficiency
Gluten is a group of related _____ found in wheat, barley, and rye.
proteins
In sickle cell disease, a mutation in the code for hemoglobin leads to _____ that have a crescent shape under low-oxygen conditions.
red blood cells
After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver, where some are used by the liver and the rest are _____.
released into the general circulation
Many meat analogs are products made from _____.
soy
Where does the digestion of protein begin?
stomach
One of the long term effects of protein malnutrition is _____.
stunted growth
A food additive commonly added as a preservative to wine, potatoes, and shrimp is _____.
sulfites
Almonds and cashews are types of _____.
tree nuts
The amino group of unneeded amino acids is ultimately converted to _____, which is a waste product of amino acid metabolism that is excreted in urine.
urea
Although your body can recycle nitrogen from amino acids, daily protein intake is important because nitrogen is still lost via _____ as well as from the shedding of skin cells and cells from the intestinal tract.
urine
Producing breast milk that is deficient in vitamin B-12 is especially a concern for women who follow a _____ diet.
vegan
A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a(n) _____.
vegetarian
If a person with celiac disease consumes something containing gluten, the body responds with an immune response that damages _____.
villi in the small intestine
Women who follow a vegan diet and breastfeed their infants may produce milk that is deficient in _____.
vitamin B-12
Which grains contain gluten?
wheat, barley, rye
An 8 oz bag of shredded cheese is on sale for $1.99 while a 16 oz bag is not on sale and costs $3.75. Which bag of cheese has the cheaper unit cost per ounce?
16 oz bag
A dipeptide is formed when
2 amino acids bond together
What is the amount of protein that would meet a 70 kg healthy adult's RDA for protein?
70KG X 0.8 G/KG = 56 grams
How many amino acids are considered essential?
9
Select common signs and symptoms of food allergies.
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea A scaly skin rash (eczema) Difficulty swallowing
If the DNA code contains errors, what effect can this have on protein synthesis?
Abnormal proteins will be produced that may cause chronic health conditions
Which of the following are considered nonessential amino acids?
Alanine Aspartic acid Glutamic acid
Which cells in your body contain protein?
All cells
Each amino acid contains a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom along with which three groups?
Amino group R group Acid group
_____ are infection-fighting proteins in the bloodstream.
Antibodies
Select healthy lifestyle practices that vegetarians often adopt.
Avoiding tobacco products Practicing relaxation activities Regular exercise
Choose the food mixtures that would provide complementary combinations of protein.
Black bean and corn salad Trail mix with peanuts, pecans, cashews, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds
Select reasons why having a grocery shopping list can help you save money.
Can help you avoid making impulse purchases Can help you avoid needing to make a return trip to the store for forgotten items Can help you avoid making unnecessary purchases
Which high-quality protein sources could be substituted for more expensive meat items in order to save money?
Canned tuna Eggs
Collagen
Cartilage, ligaments, and bone tissue
_____ is a chronic disease characterized by an autoimmune response in the small intestine to gluten.
Celiac disease
Which population is at greatest risk of not meeting energy and/or protein needs when following a plant-based diet because they have the highest requirements for energy and protein per pound of body weight?
Children
Which of the following are typical signs/symptoms of celiac disease?
Chronic diarrhea Abdominal bloating Weight loss
Which of the following proteins are considered structural proteins?
Collagen Keratin
What is a typical healthy adult's RDA for protein?
0.8 g'kg of body weight
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein for healthy adults?
10 - 35%
How many amino acids are considered nonessential?
11
Which component varies across amino acids?
R-group
vegan
a person who does not eat food from any animal source
Select the types of protein-rich foods that are recommended.
Dried beans Poultry Fish
Ovovegetarian
Eats eggs but no other animal foods
lacto-ovovegetarian
Eats milk and milk products plus eggs, but no other animal foods
lactovegetarian
Eats milk and milk products, but no other animal foods
_____ is defined as the accumulation of fluid in tissues.
Edema
Which foods contain proteins that are at high risk of causing an allergic reaction?
Eggs Cow's milk Soy
What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the products?
Enzymes
Select two ways to reduce costs when grocery shopping.
Exercise caution with appealing deals that seem like bargains by comparing the unit cost of similar products Limit bottled water, carbonated soft drink, and energy drink purchases
Select the nutrients for which vegetarian diets tend to provide more of than the typical American diet.
Fiber Vitamin C Potassium
_____ do not involve the immune system but cause negative side effects from consumption of certain foods.
Food intolerances
With which processes do daily nitrogen losses occur?
Hair growth Nail growth
Keratin
Hair, nails, and skin
Select signs/symptoms that sulfite-sensitive individuals can experience as a result of consuming foods that contain these compounds.
Hives Dizziness Flushing skin
Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates all contain which elements?
Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen
How is an intestinal biopsy important in diagnosing celiac disease?
It can confirm the presence of damaged villi
_____ are plants that produce pods with a single row of seeds.
Legumes
Which of the following foods are considered good non-animal sources of protein?
Legumes Seeds Nuts
Choose foods that are considered legumes.
Lentils Soybeans Peanuts
_____ amino acids refer to essential amino acids that are present in relatively low amounts in a food, which means the food will be unable to support proper growth and overall health.
Limiting
_____ amino acids refer to essential amino acids that are present in relatively low amounts in a food, which means the food will be unable to support proper growth and overall health. Multiple choice question.
Limiting
After being absorbed by absorptive cells in the small intestine, amino acids enter the hepatic portal vein and travel to the _____.
Liver
Food intolerances are common with which foods?
Milk Wine
Contractile
Muscles
Choose the statement that appropriately describes enzymes.
Nearly all enzymes are proteins
Which element is part of proteins but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?
Nitrogen
_____ amino acids are those that a healthy person's body can make.
Nonessential
The carbon skeletons from excess amino acids can be used to form which products?
Nonessential amino acids Fat Glucose
Which of these nutrients could potentially be a concern if someone is consuming a poorly planned plant-based diet?
Omega-3 fatty acids
Which popular weight-loss diets tend to promote high protein intakes?
Paleo "Keto" Atkins
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of _____.
Proteins
_____ are involved in transporting substances, maintaining acid-base balance, making and repairing cells, and building structures in the body.
Proteins
_____ are organic nutrients made up of amino acids.
Proteins
_____ help maintain the proper concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in body fluids.
Proteins
_____ in cell membranes control the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Proteins
Which of the following actions would help limit food costs without negatively affecting essential amino acid intakes?
Reduce the serving size of animal sources of protein Prepare meals that provide more plant proteins than animal proteins
With which type of vegetarian diet does a person eat eggs, fish, and dairy foods, but not generally meat?
Semivegetarian
How do proteins help maintain acid-base balance?
Serve as buffers that help sustain the proper H+ concentration in body fluids
Which food sources contain some of the most common allergenic proteins?
Shellfish Wheat Peanuts
Which of the following are plant sources of complete protein?
Soybeans Quinoa
Select two statements that correctly describe sulfites.
Sulfites are often added to certain foods/beverages as a preservative Sulfites can be found naturally in foods
Select the option that accurately describes plant food sources of protein.
The best plant sources of protein include tree nuts and legumes.
For whom are protein and amino acid supplements recommended?
They are generally not recommended for healthy people
What is one reason chronically ill, older adults in the United States are at risk for protein deficiency?
They have limited incomes to purchase nutritious foods
How do blood proteins help maintain fluid balance?
They help counteract the effects of blood pressure by attracting fluid to return it to the bloodstream
What are some concerns related to children who consume vegan diets?
They may not consume adequate protein They may get full too quickly They may not consume adequate energy
Which of the following are considered essential amino acids?
Valine Lysine Isoleucine
Poorly planned plant-based diets may provide inadequate amounts of which nutrients?
Vitamin D Vitamin B-12 Calcium
Which of these foods are types of tree nuts?
Walnuts Pecans
Select health-related problems that children who are deficient in both protein and energy may face.
Weakness Risk of dehydration Vulnerability to infection
What are some reasons buying food in bulk may not be the best choice?
You are not able to safely store the large quantity of food before it spoils You are unable to use all of the food before it spoils
A chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together is called _____.
a peptide bond
Buying produce that is _____ is typically a good way to reduce food costs.
currently in season
_____ contains coded instructions that specify how amino acids should be arranged to make proteins.
dna
Vegetarians who do not consume fish can still receive the omega-3 fatty acids by _____.
eating certain types of algae
Convenience foods, such as those purchased from vending machines, conveniences stores, and fast food restaurants, are typically _____.
energy-dense
Complementary combinations of specific plant foods allow for adequate amounts of _____ amino acids to be consumed without the inclusion of animal sources of protein.
essential
Vegans can obtain many micronutrients, such as vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iron, and calcium, by consuming _____.
fortified soy beverages
People with celiac disease cannot tolerate foods that contain the protein _____.
gluten
Unless a person has celiac disease or a non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a _____ diet is likely not warranted and may even be detrimental to health..
gluten-free
A function of blood proteins, such as albumin, is to _____.
help maintain fluid balance
Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation that leads to the wrong amino acid being added to _____ during its formation.
hemoglobin
Transport proteins in the body include retinol binding protein and _____.
hemoglobin
Animal sources are considered _____ proteins because they are easy to digest and contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts humans need for proper growth and overall health.
high-quality
A food allergy is a reaction that occurs when the _____ system reacts to a harmless substance in food, such as a protein that does not undergo digestion.
immune
Combining weightlifting with a well-balanced diet is a safe and effective way to _____.
increase muscle mass
Allergic reactions to food occur when a protein _____, which results in an immune response.
is not digested and is instead absorbed intact
High-protein intakes may be contraindicated for individuals who have _____.
kidney disease
People who have a history of _____ should check with their physician before eating a high-protein diet.
kidney stones