Nutrition ch 7

Which of the following is an example of a dish that includes a complementary combination of protein?

Red beans and rice

Anaphylactic shock is _____ that can occur when a person with a food allergy is exposed to the allergen.

a serious drop in blood pressure

Treatment of celiac disease requires

adherence to a gluten-free diet

Proteins are made up of nitrogen-containing units called _____.

amino acids

What is the end product of protein digestion?

amino acids

In severe cases, allergic reactions to a food can result in _____.

anaphylactic shock

Food manufacturers must identify _____ on the food label.

any of the most common food allergens that might be present in the food

People with _____ often experience health-related issues when consuming foods with sulfites.

asthma

Meat analogs are vegetarian products that _____.

can look and taste like their nonvegetarian counterparts

If _____ is left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems including intestinal cancer, anemia, and infertility.

celiac disease

Mixtures of certain plant foods that provide all essential amino acids without adding animal proteins are called _____ combinations.

complementary

Proteins that contain one or more _____ will not be able to support proper growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues.

limiting amino acids

A _____ protein lacks or contains inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids.

low-quality

An effective and recommended way to safely increase muscle mass is to perform muscle-strengthening exercises and _____.

maintain a nutritionally adequate diet

Excess amino acids are first stripped of their _____ portion (amino group), which is converted into ammonia.

nitrogen-containing

Amino acid and protein supplements are generally _____

not recommended because their long-term safety is not known

A _____ bond links two amino acids together.

peptide

Vegetarian diets generally provide more _____ than typical American diets.

phytochemicals

Quinoa and soybeans are _____.

plant sources of high-quality protein

A _____ is a chain of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

polypeptide

As a result of the immune response to gluten, villi in the small intestine are damaged, which results in _____.

poor nutrient absorption

For healthy adults, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for _____ is 10-35%

protein

Weight-loss diets, such as the Atkins diet, encourage high intakes of _____.

protein

In the United States, chronically ill, older adults are often at risk for _____ more than young and middle-aged adults

protein deficiency

Gluten is a group of related _____ found in wheat, barley, and rye.

proteins

In sickle cell disease, a mutation in the code for hemoglobin leads to _____ that have a crescent shape under low-oxygen conditions.

red blood cells

After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver, where some are used by the liver and the rest are _____.

released into the general circulation

Many meat analogs are products made from _____.

soy

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

stomach

One of the long term effects of protein malnutrition is _____.

stunted growth

A food additive commonly added as a preservative to wine, potatoes, and shrimp is _____.

sulfites

Almonds and cashews are types of _____.

tree nuts

The amino group of unneeded amino acids is ultimately converted to _____, which is a waste product of amino acid metabolism that is excreted in urine.

urea

Although your body can recycle nitrogen from amino acids, daily protein intake is important because nitrogen is still lost via _____ as well as from the shedding of skin cells and cells from the intestinal tract.

urine

Producing breast milk that is deficient in vitamin B-12 is especially a concern for women who follow a _____ diet.

vegan

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a(n) _____.

vegetarian

If a person with celiac disease consumes something containing gluten, the body responds with an immune response that damages _____.

villi in the small intestine

Women who follow a vegan diet and breastfeed their infants may produce milk that is deficient in _____.

vitamin B-12

Which grains contain gluten?

wheat, barley, rye

An 8 oz bag of shredded cheese is on sale for $1.99 while a 16 oz bag is not on sale and costs $3.75. Which bag of cheese has the cheaper unit cost per ounce?

16 oz bag

A dipeptide is formed when

2 amino acids bond together

What is the amount of protein that would meet a 70 kg healthy adult's RDA for protein?

70KG X 0.8 G/KG = 56 grams

How many amino acids are considered essential?

9

Select common signs and symptoms of food allergies.

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea A scaly skin rash (eczema) Difficulty swallowing

If the DNA code contains errors, what effect can this have on protein synthesis?

Abnormal proteins will be produced that may cause chronic health conditions

Which of the following are considered nonessential amino acids?

Alanine Aspartic acid Glutamic acid

Which cells in your body contain protein?

All cells

Each amino acid contains a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom along with which three groups?

Amino group R group Acid group

_____ are infection-fighting proteins in the bloodstream.

Antibodies

Select healthy lifestyle practices that vegetarians often adopt.

Avoiding tobacco products Practicing relaxation activities Regular exercise

Choose the food mixtures that would provide complementary combinations of protein.

Black bean and corn salad Trail mix with peanuts, pecans, cashews, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds

Select reasons why having a grocery shopping list can help you save money.

Can help you avoid making impulse purchases Can help you avoid needing to make a return trip to the store for forgotten items Can help you avoid making unnecessary purchases

Which high-quality protein sources could be substituted for more expensive meat items in order to save money?

Canned tuna Eggs

Collagen

Cartilage, ligaments, and bone tissue

_____ is a chronic disease characterized by an autoimmune response in the small intestine to gluten.

Celiac disease

Which population is at greatest risk of not meeting energy and/or protein needs when following a plant-based diet because they have the highest requirements for energy and protein per pound of body weight?

Children

Which of the following are typical signs/symptoms of celiac disease?

Chronic diarrhea Abdominal bloating Weight loss

Which of the following proteins are considered structural proteins?

Collagen Keratin

What is a typical healthy adult's RDA for protein?

0.8 g'kg of body weight

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein for healthy adults?

10 - 35%

How many amino acids are considered nonessential?

11

Which component varies across amino acids?

R-group

vegan

a person who does not eat food from any animal source

Select the types of protein-rich foods that are recommended.

Dried beans Poultry Fish

Ovovegetarian

Eats eggs but no other animal foods

lacto-ovovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products plus eggs, but no other animal foods

lactovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products, but no other animal foods

_____ is defined as the accumulation of fluid in tissues.

Edema

Which foods contain proteins that are at high risk of causing an allergic reaction?

Eggs Cow's milk Soy

What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the products?

Enzymes

Select two ways to reduce costs when grocery shopping.

Exercise caution with appealing deals that seem like bargains by comparing the unit cost of similar products Limit bottled water, carbonated soft drink, and energy drink purchases

Select the nutrients for which vegetarian diets tend to provide more of than the typical American diet.

Fiber Vitamin C Potassium

_____ do not involve the immune system but cause negative side effects from consumption of certain foods.

Food intolerances

With which processes do daily nitrogen losses occur?

Hair growth Nail growth

Keratin

Hair, nails, and skin

Select signs/symptoms that sulfite-sensitive individuals can experience as a result of consuming foods that contain these compounds.

Hives Dizziness Flushing skin

Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates all contain which elements?

Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen

How is an intestinal biopsy important in diagnosing celiac disease?

It can confirm the presence of damaged villi

_____ are plants that produce pods with a single row of seeds.

Legumes

Which of the following foods are considered good non-animal sources of protein?

Legumes Seeds Nuts

Choose foods that are considered legumes.

Lentils Soybeans Peanuts

_____ amino acids refer to essential amino acids that are present in relatively low amounts in a food, which means the food will be unable to support proper growth and overall health.

Limiting

_____ amino acids refer to essential amino acids that are present in relatively low amounts in a food, which means the food will be unable to support proper growth and overall health. Multiple choice question.

Limiting

After being absorbed by absorptive cells in the small intestine, amino acids enter the hepatic portal vein and travel to the _____.

Liver

Food intolerances are common with which foods?

Milk Wine

Contractile

Muscles

Choose the statement that appropriately describes enzymes.

Nearly all enzymes are proteins

Which element is part of proteins but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?

Nitrogen

_____ amino acids are those that a healthy person's body can make.

Nonessential

The carbon skeletons from excess amino acids can be used to form which products?

Nonessential amino acids Fat Glucose

Which of these nutrients could potentially be a concern if someone is consuming a poorly planned plant-based diet?

Omega-3 fatty acids

Which popular weight-loss diets tend to promote high protein intakes?

Paleo "Keto" Atkins

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of _____.

Proteins

_____ are involved in transporting substances, maintaining acid-base balance, making and repairing cells, and building structures in the body.

Proteins

_____ are organic nutrients made up of amino acids.

Proteins

_____ help maintain the proper concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in body fluids.

Proteins

_____ in cell membranes control the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Proteins

Which of the following actions would help limit food costs without negatively affecting essential amino acid intakes?

Reduce the serving size of animal sources of protein Prepare meals that provide more plant proteins than animal proteins

With which type of vegetarian diet does a person eat eggs, fish, and dairy foods, but not generally meat?

Semivegetarian

How do proteins help maintain acid-base balance?

Serve as buffers that help sustain the proper H+ concentration in body fluids

Which food sources contain some of the most common allergenic proteins?

Shellfish Wheat Peanuts

Which of the following are plant sources of complete protein?

Soybeans Quinoa

Select two statements that correctly describe sulfites.

Sulfites are often added to certain foods/beverages as a preservative Sulfites can be found naturally in foods

Select the option that accurately describes plant food sources of protein.

The best plant sources of protein include tree nuts and legumes.

For whom are protein and amino acid supplements recommended?

They are generally not recommended for healthy people

What is one reason chronically ill, older adults in the United States are at risk for protein deficiency?

They have limited incomes to purchase nutritious foods

How do blood proteins help maintain fluid balance?

They help counteract the effects of blood pressure by attracting fluid to return it to the bloodstream

What are some concerns related to children who consume vegan diets?

They may not consume adequate protein They may get full too quickly They may not consume adequate energy

Which of the following are considered essential amino acids?

Valine Lysine Isoleucine

Poorly planned plant-based diets may provide inadequate amounts of which nutrients?

Vitamin D Vitamin B-12 Calcium

Which of these foods are types of tree nuts?

Walnuts Pecans

Select health-related problems that children who are deficient in both protein and energy may face.

Weakness Risk of dehydration Vulnerability to infection

What are some reasons buying food in bulk may not be the best choice?

You are not able to safely store the large quantity of food before it spoils You are unable to use all of the food before it spoils

A chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together is called _____.

a peptide bond

Buying produce that is _____ is typically a good way to reduce food costs.

currently in season

_____ contains coded instructions that specify how amino acids should be arranged to make proteins.

dna

Vegetarians who do not consume fish can still receive the omega-3 fatty acids by _____.

eating certain types of algae

Convenience foods, such as those purchased from vending machines, conveniences stores, and fast food restaurants, are typically _____.

energy-dense

Complementary combinations of specific plant foods allow for adequate amounts of _____ amino acids to be consumed without the inclusion of animal sources of protein.

essential

Vegans can obtain many micronutrients, such as vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iron, and calcium, by consuming _____.

fortified soy beverages

People with celiac disease cannot tolerate foods that contain the protein _____.

gluten

Unless a person has celiac disease or a non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a _____ diet is likely not warranted and may even be detrimental to health..

gluten-free

A function of blood proteins, such as albumin, is to _____.

help maintain fluid balance

Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation that leads to the wrong amino acid being added to _____ during its formation.

hemoglobin

Transport proteins in the body include retinol binding protein and _____.

hemoglobin

Animal sources are considered _____ proteins because they are easy to digest and contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts humans need for proper growth and overall health.

high-quality

A food allergy is a reaction that occurs when the _____ system reacts to a harmless substance in food, such as a protein that does not undergo digestion.

immune

Combining weightlifting with a well-balanced diet is a safe and effective way to _____.

increase muscle mass

Allergic reactions to food occur when a protein _____, which results in an immune response.

is not digested and is instead absorbed intact

High-protein intakes may be contraindicated for individuals who have _____.

kidney disease

People who have a history of _____ should check with their physician before eating a high-protein diet.

kidney stones