Nutrition Chap. 4

Stevia is an alternative sweetener derived from...

A South American shrub

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

Aspartame

Several well-controlled studies found that sugar in the diet ____ affect children's behavior

Did not

salivary amylase

Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch

True or false: well controlled studies have found that sugar contributes to hyperactivity in children

False

true or false: aspartame is a heat stable so it is appropriate for use in cooking

False

hyperglycemia

HIGH blood sugar

What is the technical term for high blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

hypoglycemia

LOW blood sugar

Hypoglycemia is a _____ blood glucose level

Low

_____is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages

Maltose

Where do enzymes break down the disaccharides lactose, maltose, sucrose into monosaccharides, glucose, fructose, and galactose

Small Intestine

what is low blood sugar

below 40-50mg

amylopectic

branch-chained composed of glucose units

lactase

enzyme that breaks down lactose

functional fiber

fiber added to foods that has been shown to provide health benefits

can soluble fiber be fermented?

in acids and gases

Where is glycogen stored?

liver and muscles

pancreas

releases insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar 21

choose the "1 cup equivalents" for the vegetable group 1) 1 cup vegetable juice 2) 1 cup raw cooked vegetables 3) 1/2 cup starchy vegetables 4) 2 cups of raw leafy greens

1) 1 cup vegetable juice 2) 1 cup raw cooked vegetables 4) 2 cups of raw leafy greens

choose the 1 cup equivalents 1) 2 ounces of processed cheese 2) 1 cup of milk, yogurt, or soymilk 3) 1/2 cup ice cream or sorbet 4) 1.5 ounces of natural cheese

1) 2 ounces of processed cheese 2) 1 cup of milk, yogurt, or soymilk 4) 1.5 ounces of natural cheese

Which of the following blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia? 1) 47 2) 73 3) 133 4) 82

1) 47

which of the following are appropriate uses of aspartame 1) Diet Soft Drinks 2) Sugar-Free Chewing Gum 3) Sugar-Free Gelatin Desserts 4) Sugar-Free Brownie Mix

1) Diet Soft Drinks 2) Sugar-Free Chewing Gum 3) Sugar-Free Gelatin Desserts

which of the following nonnutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US? 1) aspartame 2)acesulfame-K 3)cyclamate 4)neotame

1) aspartame 2) acesulfame-K 4) neotame

which of the following are subgroups of vegetables, according to MyPlate? 1) dark green vegetables 2) red and orange vegetables 3) light green vegetables 4) beans and peas 5) starchy vegetables

1) dark green vegetables 2) red and orange vegetables 4) beans and peas 5) starchy vegetables

which of the following are appropriate uses of aspartame? 1) diet soft drinks 2) sugar-free brownie mix 3) sugar-free chewing gum 4) sugar-free gelatin desserts

1) diet soft drinks 3)sugar-free chewing gum 4)sugar-free gelatin desserts

which of the following measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes? 1) fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl 2) fasting blood glucose above 125 mg/dl 3) HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4% 4) HbA1c above 7%

1) fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl 3) HbAc1 between 5.7% to 6.4%

which of the following are example of simple sugars? 1) fructose 2) galactose 3)amylose 4) glucose

1) fructose 2) galactose 4)glucose

which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia? 1) hunger 2) cramping 3) sweating 4) bone pain 5) shakiness

1) hunger 3) sweating 5) shakiness

Which of the following may be used for treating type 2 diabetes? 1) Incorporating physical activity in the daily routine 2) Taking oral medications that help to lower blood glucose 3) restricting carbohydrate intake to less than 10% of total kcal 4) injecting insulin to help lower blood glucose

1) incorporating physical activity in the daily routine 2) Taking oral medications that help lower blood glucose 4) injecting insulin to help lower blood glucose

what are some natural food sources of sucrose? 1) maple sugar 2)milk 3)sugar beets 4)breakdown of starches

1) maple sugar 3)sugar beets

choose the characteristics that accurately describe the alternative sweetener advantame 1) stable at high temperatures and can be used as a tabletop sweetener 2) it is about 100 times sweeter than sucrose 3) does not need to include alerts for PKU 4) similar to aspartame but much sweeter

1) stable and high temps and can be used as a tabletop sweetener 3) does not need to include alerts for PKU 4) similar to aspartame but much sweeter

which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes? 1) nerves 2) kidneys 3) heart 4) eyes

1)nerves 2)kidneys 3) heart 4) eyes

which of the following are ways to select or prepare potatoes that will produce a slower rise in blood glucose? 1) consume novelty potatoes with deep-colored flesh 2) cook potatoes and then refrigerate overnight before eating 3)buy "new" potatoes that have thin skins 4) choose potatoes that are harvested late int he season and have thick skins

2) cook potatoes and then refrigerate overnight before eating 3) buy "new" potatoes that have the skins

which MyPlate food groups provide many high-fiber foods? 1) Dairy 2) fruits 3) grains 4) vegetables

2) fruits 3)grains 4)vegetables

which of the following are considered nutritive sweeteners (i.e: the provide calories) 1) alternative sweeteners 2) sugars 3) sugar alcohols

2) sugars 3) sugar alcohols

sugar alcohols

2.6 kcal per gram; still a nutritive sweetener (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol)

a high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because.. 1) Increased insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver 2) high-fiber foods are rich in heart-healthy HDLs and low in LDLs 3)Fatty Acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver 4) soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted

3) fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver 4) soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted

HFCS contains how much fructose?

55%

Glycogen

A carbohydrate made up of multiple glucose molecules

maltase

A digestive enzyme that breaks maltose into glucose.

High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS)

A sweetener made from cornstarch and converted to fructose in food processing.

Fiber

A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

amylase

Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

True or False: a nutritive sweetener is sweeter tasting than an alternative sweetener

False

2 forms of digestible starches

amylose and amylopectin

sucrase

an enzyme that acts upon sucrose

glucagon

breakdown of glycogen

insoluble fibers

cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

make up of sucrose

glucose and fructose

make up of lactose

glucose and galactose

make up of maltose

glucose and glucose

3 Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

what is high blood sugar

greater than 125mg

soluble or vicious fibers

gum, pectin, mucilage

vegetables are a valuable source of what?

starches and fiber

amylose

straight-train composed of glucose units

alternative sweeteners

substances that sweeten foods while providing few or no kilocalories (significantly sweeter)

The carbohydrate that is considered the benchmark against which all other sweeteners are measured is______

sucrose

3 disaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Aspartame

sweetener

nutritive sweeteners

sweeteners that yield energy, including both sugars and sugar alcohols

which of the following measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes? 1) fasting blood glucose above 125 mg/dl 2) hbA1c above 7% 3) Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl 4) HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4%

3) Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl 4) HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4%

Which type of sweetener is the sweetest?

Alternative sweeteners

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

_____ is the disaccharide made of 2 glucose molecules bonded together

maltose

fruits are a valuable source of what?

natural sugars and fibers

can insoluble fibers be fermented?

no

Diverticula

pouches protrude through exterior wall of large intestine

____ is a condition characterized by moderately high fasting blood glucose (100-125 mg/dl)

prediabetes