Nutrition Chapter 10
A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance.
1-2%
The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day.
2300
Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?
60%
Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration? A. An elderly woman, just returning from a 4 hour flight B. All are potentially at risk for dehydration C. An athlete, exercising in cool weather D. A child recovering from diarrhea
All are potentially at risk for dehydration
Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true? A. It can cause sudden heart failure. B. It can occur in anorexia nervosa. C. It can disturb acid base balance. D. All of these statements are true.
All of these statements are true.(Electrolyte)
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature? A. Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. B. High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat. C. When body temperature rises, sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. D. Water changes temperature slowly, helping to maintain body temperature.
High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water? A. A low-calorie diet B. Consuming many high protein foods C. High potassium intake D. Lactation
High potassium intake
Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called:
electrolytes.
Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of:
electrolytes.
Extracellular fluid does NOT include:
fluid within cells.
The best source of potassium per calorie comes from:
fruits and vegetables
The DASH diet is:
high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium.
Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people.
hypertension
Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following EXCEPT: A. cause water toxicity. B. increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure. C. dilute the sodium in the blood. D. result in nausea, muscle cramps and confusion.
increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure.
In most people, hypertension results from:
no obvious external cause.
The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of:
osmosis
The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by:
plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods.
All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT: A. blood volume rises. B. renin is released. C. blood pressure rises. D. water moves into the blood.
renin is released.
Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___________________ mm of mercury.
≤ 120/80
Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?
Sodium & potassium
Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body? A. Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. B. Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. C. Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular. D. Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular.
Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.
Most of the salt consumed by Americans is:
added to food during processing and manufacturing.
High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT: A. weakening of and damage to artery walls. B. the heart working harder. C. an increased risk of stroke. D. an increased diabetes risk.
an increased diabetes risk.
Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT: A. snack crackers. B. potatoes. C. bananas. D. tomatoes.
snack crackers
In the United States, the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________.
sodium and chloride; potassium