Nutrition chapter 16

In the developing world, agricultural production is

* not sustainable for the long term * is depleting natural resources

What are some issues that keep the homeless from obtaining food assistance?

* political policies that prohibit individuals or groups from sharing food with the poor or homeless * lack of cooking facilities * food pantries and soup kitchens may not have enough supplies to meet the needs of the communities they serve

______ has been identified as a disease that significantly contributes to undernutrition in developing nations because it reduces worker productivity and costs so much to treat.

AIDS

______ uses the largest proportion of the world's freshwater resources.

Agriculture

Which of the following are goals of sustainable agriculture?

Environmental health Economic profitability Social responsibility

Closely spaced pregnancies can dramatically deplete maternal stores of

Iron

The ______ provides federal funding for congregate and home-delivered meals for all U.S. citizens aged 60 and older.

Older Americans Act

Which of the following characterize the living conditions for individuals affected by poverty in urban areas of developing nations?

Overcrowded Unsafe water supply

Why is poverty increasing in the developing world? Select all that apply.

The burden of AIDS Depletion of natural resources Political and civil unrest

Why is poverty increasing in the developing world? Select all that apply.

The burden of AIDS Political and civil unrest Depletion of natural resources

Corn has been genetically modified by insertion of a gene that

confers pest resistance.

The cause of death for many children in developing countries is

consuming contaminated water

The long-term solution for getting food aid to developing countries is to

improve infrastructure

The gender and development approach to improving nutrition security aims to

improve women's access to education, technology, and economic resources.

Choose examples of an output trait added to a crop.

increased levels of omega-3 fatty acids produce pharmaceuticals greater amounts of beta-carotene

Choose the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) that are most critically missing from diets worldwide.

zinc iron folate vitamin A

Which of the following is true about the HIV virus?

It has limited ability to survive outside the body.

Participants in Congregate Meals for the Elderly must

at least 60 years old

Breeding the best bull with the best cows is an example of _____.

biotechnology

The School Lunch Program enables students to receive free or reduced lunches based on

family income

What situation associated with malnutrition is often a result of crop failures, war, and political unrest?

famine

_____ is an extreme shortage of food, which leads to massive starvation in a population.

famine

What is it called when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet are reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household?

food insecurity

Uneasiness, discomfort, weakness, or pain are all the physiological symptoms of

hunger

What is the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food?

hunger

______ is the primarily physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food.

hunger

Undernutrition is particularly damaging during infancy and childhood because a lack of energy and nutrients can negatively affect

immune function. intellectual and social development. growth. stamina.

Which of the following are associated with chronic hunger?

increased susceptibility to infection. reduced energy and strength. impaired ability to learn.

______ is failing health that results from long-standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs.

malnutrition

Low-income children of school age are eligible for

National School Lunch Program

Which program became available to help children who come to school hungry?

School Breakfast Program

Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between AIDS and nutrition?

Use of a balanced multivitamin and mineral supplement slows deterioration of health

_____ deficiency is a leading cause of preventable blindness around the world.

Vitamin A

______ deficiency is a leading cause of preventable blindness around the world.

Vitamin A

What is the name of the program that provides food vouchers and nutrition education to pregnant and lactating women and their children?

WIC

SNAP recipients are given ______ to purchase food and garden seeds.

an electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card

Individuals who are eligible for the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) are able to purchase food and garden seeds using

an electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card.

Areas in which the Peace Corps has helped to improve conditions in developing nations are to:

build structures provide food provide medical supplies

What is the primary cause of undernutrition in the developing world?

inequitable food distribution

Approximately _____ percent of people in the United States are living at or below the poverty level.

12

In 2020, the average Federal Poverty Level for a family of four (across all states except Alaska and Hawaii) was $26,200 per year. Approximately ______ Americans live at or below the Federal Poverty Level.

40 million

______ is a collection of processes that use biological systems to alter and improve characteristics of plants and animals.

Biotechnology

Which of the following factors may contribute to undernutrition among older adults?

Depression and social isolation can decrease the drive to eat. Declining physical and mental function may affect their ability to obtain and prepare food. Many older adults have fixed incomes after they retire from work.

Which of the following are true statements about the relationship between nutrition and immune function?

Diarrheal disease impairs nutritional status, Poor vitamin A status increase susceptibility to infection, Zinc and Iron are vital for resistance to infectious disease.

Select the ways in which HIV/AIDS impacts nutrition security.

High medical costs leave less funds to purchase food. Frequent illnesses decrease the capacity to work.

Undernutrition is usually accompanied by which of the following two factors?

Inadequate sanitation and inadequate shelter

What are the two things that almost always contribute to undernutrition in developing countries?

Inadequate shelter Lack of sanitation

Terry wants to distribute food to the homeless people in his community. Which of the following foods would be most useful for a homeless person?

Loaf of bread and a jar of peanut butter

Which of the following innovations may help to lessen world hunger for years to come?

Pest-resistant crops Self-fertilizing crops Drought-resistant crops

Choose the true statements about the universal treatment of AIDS.

Providing AIDS drugs to pregnant women is an effective preventive measure that reduces the transmission of HIV to the fetus. The latest antiretroviral drugs can significantly slow the progression of the disease. There is no vaccine available to prevent AIDS.

Select the living conditions below that are present among the urban poor in developing nations.

Self-made shelters Overcrowded

Which of the following are physiological symptoms of hunger?

Stomach pain, weakness

Around the world, ______ has the highest rates of new HIV infections each year.

Sub-Saharan Africa

______ refers to a variety of agricultural technologies that increased crop yields in developing nations in the 1960s.

The green revolution

Select the nutrients that are integrally involved in proper immune function from the list below.

Zinc Vitamin A Protein

War can lead to malnutrition because

damage to the infrastructure disrupts water sanitation. roads that are used to transport food may be impassable. bombing can leave citizens without homes.

Environmentally unsustainable farming methods are undermining food production especially in

developing countries

How has the Peace Corps helped to improve conditions in developing nations?

education

The Sustainable Development Goals aim to improve gender equality by increasing women's access to

education. information and communication technologies. economic resources.

The manipulation of the genetic makeup of an organism with recombinant DNA technology is known as

genetic engineering

Choose examples of an input trait added to a crop.

herbicide tolerance tolerance to drought insect and virus protection

Events similar to those that cause situational poverty (e.g., a medical emergency, death in the family, loss of a job) can lead to

homelessness

What are the two most dangerous substances encountered in routine daily living in urban areas of developing countries?

human urine and feces

What are potential sources of diseases in urban areas of the developing world?

human urine and feces inability to dispose of dead animals and people killed from civil war insect and rodent infestations

HIV infection ______ daily calorie requirements.

increases

Worldwide hunger is primarily an outcome of

inequitable distribution of food resources around the world

Chronic hunger is associated with increased susceptibility to ______ disease.

infectious

Food ______ exists when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet is reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household.

insecurity

Maternal nutrient levels of _____ become depleted with successive pregnancies followed by breastfeeding.

iron and folate

What is the term for failing health that results from long-standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs?

malnutrition

Households with children are ______ likely to require food assistance than households without children.

more

Choose the goals of AIDS therapy in pregnant women.

prevent perinatal HIV transmission maximize viral suppression to reduce transmission of HIV to the fetus

The green revolution focused on which of the following crops in developing countries?

rice, wheat, corn

In the grocery store, SNAP participants may use their EBT cards to purchase

seeds to grow food. breakfast cereal. milk. carrots.

More than 90% of the ______ produced in the United States have been genetically modified to resist pests and improve crop yields.

soybeans

Maintaining or enhancing the land and natural resources for the long term, social responsibilities of human resources, and consumer health and safety are all principles of

sustainable agriculture

Older adults need nutrient-dense diets because

they must meet micronutrient requirements without exceeding energy requirements.

Civil disruptions and wars _____ massive undernutrition and set back progress of addressing poverty.

to contribute to

Biotechnology has begun to _____ crop yields on shrinking amounts of farmable land.

to improve

Death and disease from infections increase dramatically when they occur during a state of chronic ______.

undernutrition

What is the most common type of malnutrition in developing countries?

undernutrition

The consequences of a preterm birth include

weakened immune system reduced lung function.

The School Breakfast Program was established for children

who meet certain income guidelines