Nutrition Chapter 3
Approximately one cup of chyme is released into the small intestine every 30 seconds.
FALSE
Bicarbonate functions as an emulsifier in the duodenum.
FALSE
Bile is made in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder.
FALSE
Bile is released into the GI tract through the duodenum.
FALSE
Blood removes excess water and waste products from the cells and brings these substances to the liver for excretion.
FALSE
Celiac disease is an illness of the stomach that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten.
FALSE
Chemical digestion involves chewing and grinding food.
FALSE
Excess water-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver.
FALSE
Fat-soluble vitamins and fat from the intestinal tract travel in blood.
FALSE
Finger-like projections on the walls of the small intestine that increase the surface area to enhance nutrient absorption are called microvilli.
FALSE
Gallstones are small, hard, crystalline structures that form in the gallbladder when bile is abnormally thin.
FALSE
Heartburn may result if the pyloric sphincter allows food to flow back into the esophagus from the stomach.
FALSE
Insulin is the enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose.
FALSE
It generally takes about 1 week for intestinal matter to pass through the colon.
FALSE
Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are carried throughout the body by lymph.
FALSE
Probiotics are live microorganisms, usually bacteria, mainly found in poultry.
FALSE
The GI tract is nearly 30 feet long in a cadaver; it is significantly longer in a living person.
FALSE
The cells lining the gastrointestinal tract function for about 120 days and are then sloughed off as they are replaced with new cells.
FALSE
The constrictive wave that involves both forward and reverse movements of chyme is referred to as peristalsis.
FALSE
The only function of the microvilli is to secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.
FALSE
The pancreas is connected to the duodenum via the bile duct.
FALSE
The pharynx prevents the food from passing into the trachea.
FALSE
The secretion that raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid in chyme as it leaves the stomach is bile.
FALSE
The sphincter in the bottom of the stomach is the ilocecal sphincter.
FALSE
Under normal conditions you digest and absorb 80 to 87 percent of the nutrients from your food.
FALSE
Which of the following occurs in the stomach?
HCl production
Which of the following is not correct about the small intestine?
It absorbs water.
Which is not true regarding saliva?
It provides the enzyme that begins protein digestion.
Cholecystokinin is secreted by intestinal cells to stimulate the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.
TRUE
Digestion converts whole foods into individual nutrients that can be used by the body's cells.
TRUE
If you eat slowly, you may find you belch less frequently.
TRUE
Most of the vitamin production and absorption of water occurs within the first half of the colon.
TRUE
Pendular movement, segmentation, and peristalsis move the chyme through the small intestine.
TRUE
Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the stomach.
TRUE
Peptic ulcers are generally caused by a bacterial infection.
TRUE
The band of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach is the lower esophageal sphincter.
TRUE
The enzyme lipase digests fat.
TRUE
The hormone gastrin is made in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of HCl.
TRUE
The ileocecal sphincter prevents backflow of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.
TRUE
The nervous system's role in nutrition is to signal when you need to eat and drink and when to stop.
TRUE
The over-the-counter weight-loss aid Alli (orlistat) prevents lipase from breaking down dietary fat in the small intestines.
TRUE
The sphincter between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ileocecal sphincter.
TRUE
The stomach produces mucus which acts as a barrier to protect the stomach lining from irritation or damage from hydrochloric acid.
TRUE
The stool is stored in the final part of the large intestine, called the rectum.
TRUE
When the food is chewed and mixed with saliva it is called a bolus.
TRUE
When you are hungry, the hormone ghrelin signals your brain to eat.
TRUE
Which of the following statements about the digestive process is not correct?
The small and large intestines contain villi for absorption.
Which of the following does not occur in the colon?
absorption of the majority of nutrients
All of the following enzymes digest protein except
amylase.
Which of the following secretions raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid?
bicarbonate
Which of the following occurs in the liver?
bile manufacturing
Which of the following occurs in the gallbladder?
bile storage
Which of the following foods leaves the stomach first?
carbohydrates
A condition that causes the lining of the small intestine to flatten out in response to gluten ingestion is called
celiac disease.
Kim is constipated and asks for advice from her physician. Which of the following would not be appropriate advice to relieve constipation?
drink less fluids
Marcos has chronic heartburn and asks his nutrition teacher for advice. All of the following would be helpful to Marcos except
drinking milk with meals.
Which of the following correctly sequences the segments of the small intestine?
duodenum; jejunum; ileum
The hormone ghrelin signals the brain to
eat.
All of the following aid in digestion except
eating and drinking quickly.
Bile
emulsifies fat.
Which of the following is not the method used to absorb digested nutrients after they reach the small intestine?
endocytosis
Which of the following is not involved in mechanical digestion?
enzymes
Jaleesa has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). All of the following are correct about IBS except that
excessive fiber in the diet is suspected as a cause.
Which of the following body systems eliminates waste from the circulatory system?
excretory system
Shock-wave therapy may be useful in treating which disorder?
gallstones
The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid is
gastrin.
During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients through the GI tract and transports them to the
liver
The ________ produces bile and the ________ stores it.
liver; gallbladder
Which of the following will not generally cause diarrhea?
low fiber intake
Hydrochloric acid has all the following digestive functions except
neutralization of stomach acid.
The enzymes from the ________ are responsible for the digestion of almost all the fat, half the protein, and half the carbohydrate you eat.
pancreas
Sodium bicarbonate is secreted by the ________ and functions to ________.
pancreas; raise pH and neutralize acidic chyme
Which of the following occurs in the esophagus?
passage of food to the stomach
Trevor was recently diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following should he avoid?
pasta
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
producing insulin
Which of the following occurs in the pancreas?
production of most digestive enzymes
The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine is the
pyloric sphincter.
Which of the following is the sloshing motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine?
segmentation
Bile is released into the ________ in response to the ingestion of fat.
small intestine
The majority of digestion occurs in the
small intestine
Cholecystokinin
stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?
stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Which of the following would most likely not be a part of feces?
sucrose
Which of the following is not a role of the lymphatic system?
transports water-soluble vitamins from the GI tract to your blood
Which of the following enzymes is mismatched?
trypsin; starch
