Nutrition Chapter 3

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Approximately one cup of chyme is released into the small intestine every 30 seconds.

FALSE

Bicarbonate functions as an emulsifier in the duodenum.

FALSE

Bile is made in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder.

FALSE

Bile is released into the GI tract through the duodenum.

FALSE

Blood removes excess water and waste products from the cells and brings these substances to the liver for excretion.

FALSE

Celiac disease is an illness of the stomach that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten.

FALSE

Chemical digestion involves chewing and grinding food.

FALSE

Excess water-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver.

FALSE

Fat-soluble vitamins and fat from the intestinal tract travel in blood.

FALSE

Finger-like projections on the walls of the small intestine that increase the surface area to enhance nutrient absorption are called microvilli.

FALSE

Gallstones are small, hard, crystalline structures that form in the gallbladder when bile is abnormally thin.

FALSE

Heartburn may result if the pyloric sphincter allows food to flow back into the esophagus from the stomach.

FALSE

Insulin is the enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose.

FALSE

It generally takes about 1 week for intestinal matter to pass through the colon.

FALSE

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are carried throughout the body by lymph.

FALSE

Probiotics are live microorganisms, usually bacteria, mainly found in poultry.

FALSE

The GI tract is nearly 30 feet long in a cadaver; it is significantly longer in a living person.

FALSE

The cells lining the gastrointestinal tract function for about 120 days and are then sloughed off as they are replaced with new cells.

FALSE

The constrictive wave that involves both forward and reverse movements of chyme is referred to as peristalsis.

FALSE

The only function of the microvilli is to secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.

FALSE

The pancreas is connected to the duodenum via the bile duct.

FALSE

The pharynx prevents the food from passing into the trachea.

FALSE

The secretion that raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid in chyme as it leaves the stomach is bile.

FALSE

The sphincter in the bottom of the stomach is the ilocecal sphincter.

FALSE

Under normal conditions you digest and absorb 80 to 87 percent of the nutrients from your food.

FALSE

Which of the following occurs in the stomach?

HCl production

Which of the following is not correct about the small intestine?

It absorbs water.

Which is not true regarding saliva?

It provides the enzyme that begins protein digestion.

Cholecystokinin is secreted by intestinal cells to stimulate the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.

TRUE

Digestion converts whole foods into individual nutrients that can be used by the body's cells.

TRUE

If you eat slowly, you may find you belch less frequently.

TRUE

Most of the vitamin production and absorption of water occurs within the first half of the colon.

TRUE

Pendular movement, segmentation, and peristalsis move the chyme through the small intestine.

TRUE

Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the stomach.

TRUE

Peptic ulcers are generally caused by a bacterial infection.

TRUE

The band of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach is the lower esophageal sphincter.

TRUE

The enzyme lipase digests fat.

TRUE

The hormone gastrin is made in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of HCl.

TRUE

The ileocecal sphincter prevents backflow of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

TRUE

The nervous system's role in nutrition is to signal when you need to eat and drink and when to stop.

TRUE

The over-the-counter weight-loss aid Alli (orlistat) prevents lipase from breaking down dietary fat in the small intestines.

TRUE

The sphincter between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ileocecal sphincter.

TRUE

The stomach produces mucus which acts as a barrier to protect the stomach lining from irritation or damage from hydrochloric acid.

TRUE

The stool is stored in the final part of the large intestine, called the rectum.

TRUE

When the food is chewed and mixed with saliva it is called a bolus.

TRUE

When you are hungry, the hormone ghrelin signals your brain to eat.

TRUE

Which of the following statements about the digestive process is not correct?

The small and large intestines contain villi for absorption.

Which of the following does not occur in the colon?

absorption of the majority of nutrients

All of the following enzymes digest protein except

amylase.

Which of the following secretions raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid?

bicarbonate

Which of the following occurs in the liver?

bile manufacturing

Which of the following occurs in the gallbladder?

bile storage

Which of the following foods leaves the stomach first?

carbohydrates

A condition that causes the lining of the small intestine to flatten out in response to gluten ingestion is called

celiac disease.

Kim is constipated and asks for advice from her physician. Which of the following would not be appropriate advice to relieve constipation?

drink less fluids

Marcos has chronic heartburn and asks his nutrition teacher for advice. All of the following would be helpful to Marcos except

drinking milk with meals.

Which of the following correctly sequences the segments of the small intestine?

duodenum; jejunum; ileum

The hormone ghrelin signals the brain to

eat.

All of the following aid in digestion except

eating and drinking quickly.

Bile

emulsifies fat.

Which of the following is not the method used to absorb digested nutrients after they reach the small intestine?

endocytosis

Which of the following is not involved in mechanical digestion?

enzymes

Jaleesa has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). All of the following are correct about IBS except that

excessive fiber in the diet is suspected as a cause.

Which of the following body systems eliminates waste from the circulatory system?

excretory system

Shock-wave therapy may be useful in treating which disorder?

gallstones

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid is

gastrin.

During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients through the GI tract and transports them to the

liver

The ________ produces bile and the ________ stores it.

liver; gallbladder

Which of the following will not generally cause diarrhea?

low fiber intake

Hydrochloric acid has all the following digestive functions except

neutralization of stomach acid.

The enzymes from the ________ are responsible for the digestion of almost all the fat, half the protein, and half the carbohydrate you eat.

pancreas

Sodium bicarbonate is secreted by the ________ and functions to ________.

pancreas; raise pH and neutralize acidic chyme

Which of the following occurs in the esophagus?

passage of food to the stomach

Trevor was recently diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following should he avoid?

pasta

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

producing insulin

Which of the following occurs in the pancreas?

production of most digestive enzymes

The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine is the

pyloric sphincter.

Which of the following is the sloshing motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine?

segmentation

Bile is released into the ________ in response to the ingestion of fat.

small intestine

The majority of digestion occurs in the

small intestine

Cholecystokinin

stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid

Which of the following would most likely not be a part of feces?

sucrose

Which of the following is not a role of the lymphatic system?

transports water-soluble vitamins from the GI tract to your blood

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched?

trypsin; starch


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