Nutrition Chapter 4

good source of dietary fiber

1 cup of broccoli

The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases _____kcal/g of energy.

4

Carbohydrates provide 60% of the energy in John's diet of 2700 kilocalories. This represents how many grams of carbohydrate?

405

The AMDR for carbohydrate intake for a healthy diet has been set at ______ of the total energy required.

45-65%

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

What sugar substitute contains phenylalanine, yet is safe for those with phenylketonuria?

Neotame

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing:

diverticular disease.

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

endosperm

monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide

fructose, sucrose, starch

The _____________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

glycemic index

Lactose intolerance is caused by:

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:

pancreatic hormones.

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that:

splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

dietary source of resistant starch

chilled, cooked potatoes

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?

-Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. -Fiber decreases transit time. -Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins.

some nutrients added to enriched grains

-Thiamin -Niacin -Folate

likely to increase ketone production

-Untreated diabetes -Starvation -A very low carbohydrate diet

Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by:

-binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract. -blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract. -inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

-is an artificial sweetener. -consists of two amino acids linked together. -is often found in soft drinks.

Aspartame

Carbohydrates promote dental caries by:

Bacteria metabolize carbohydrate to form acids, which break down enamel.

types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease

Type I

Sucrose is composed of:

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.

___________ can be a concern for individuals with phenylketonuria.

aspartame

good sources of complex carbohydrates

cereals and grains

One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is:

decreased absorption of calcium and iron.

A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is:

dental caries

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

insulin

Dietary fiber is categorized by:

its solubility in water.

carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units

oligosaccharide

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the:

pancreas