Nutrition Chapter 4 StudyGuide:

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for carbohydrate, an individual who is consuming 2,000 kilocalories daily should consume between _____ and _____ grams of carbohydrate.

225, 325

The AMDR for carbohydrate is____________ percent of the daily kilocalories.

45 to 65

When _______ in your mouth feed on sugar, they produce acids that eat away tooth enamel, causing dental caries.

Bacteria

_______ in the large intestine is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids and fiber.

Bacteria

_________ in the large intestine is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids and fiber.

Bacteria

The common name for glucose is:

Blood sugar

It is important to __________ when increasing fiber in your diet. This will decrease the side effects (such as abdominal cramps, gas, and bloating) of increased fiber intake.

Drink plenty of water

True or False? Simple sugars are not naturally found in foods such as fruit and milk. We obtain all of the sugar in our diet from adding sugar to the foods we eat.

False

True or false? A positive effect of consumption of sugar is that it kills harmful bacteria in the mouth.

False

True or false? Fructose, glucose, and galactose are good examples of disaccharides.

False

True or false? Large amounts of glycogen can be consumed through eating beef or chicken.

False

Typically, candies, soft drinks, deserts, and jellies are high in

Fructose

In the body, the monosaccharide ___________ supplies energy to cells.

Glucose

The primary fuel in the body is

Glucose

During exercise, this type of stored carbohydrate in human muscles is broken down rapidly into single glucose molecules for energy.

Glycogen

During exercise, this type of stored carbohydrate in human muscles is brown down rapidly into single glucose molecules for energy.

Glycogen

This type of carbohydrate is used to thicken, stabilize, or add texture to foods such as salad dressings, puddings, and pie filings.

Gums and Mucilages

An abnormally high blood glucose level is called

Hyperglycemia

If you eat more carbohydrates than your body can use at the time, where does your body store the extra glucose?

In the liver and muscle tissue

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body does not produce enough _______ or cannot use this hormone properly.

Insulin

When no carbohydrates are available, fat is burned for energy and is not completely broke down. That causes these acidic compounds to form.

Ketosis

Milk sugar is known as

Lactose

Glucose, galactose, and fructose molecules all travel to the ________ through the portal vein for absorption.

Liver

Which organ stores and releases glucose as needed to maintain blood sugar levels?

Liver

This disaccharide is composed of two glucose molecules and is the product of starch digestion.

Maltose

Two glucose molecules joined together form

Maltose

Human milk contains more than one hundred different ___, which serve a function similar to dietary fiber in adults.

Oligosaccharides

Human milk contains more than two hundred different ________, which serve a function similar to dietary fiber in adults.

Oligosaccharides

Once in the bloodstream, carbohydrates travel to the liver through the __________________.

Portal vein

This process removes the outer husk and bran layers and sometimes the inner germ of the grain kernel. White flour is an example of this process, which is called:

Refinement

Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the

Small intestine

Plants store energy that is used during growth and reproduction as:

Starch

The major storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________.

Starch

_____________ sweeteners are not as sweet as sugar but less likely to cause tooth decay. They are commonly found in sugar-free gum and mints.

Sugar Alcohol

True of false? Fiber in our diets binds cholesterol as well as small amounts of minerals in the GI tract and prevents them from being absorbed.

True

True or False? Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth; however, when carbohydrates enter the stomach, the acidity of stomach juices does not allow carbohydrate digestion to take place in the stomach.

True

True or False? Evidence suggests that the intake of certain fibers may delay glucose uptake and smooth out the blood glucose response, providing a protective effect against disease such as type 2 diabetes.

True

True or False? If inadequate carbohydrate is available for energy production, protein and fat can both be broken down to supply energy for cells.

True

True or False? The bran component of a kernel of grain is rich in dietary fiber and nutrients.

True

True or False? The hormone glucagon stimulates the body to break down stored glycogen, releasing glucose into the bloodstream.

True

True or false? Another name for table sugar is sucrose.

True

The type of diabetes that is caused by reduced release of insulin from the pancreas is known as:

Type 1 diabetes

Insulin stimulates which of the following bodily processes?

Uptake of glucose by cells

If liver and muscle glycogen stores are not adequate to meet body needs, which of the following is likely to occur?

Your body can make glucose from body protein