nutrition exam 1 ch. 1-4

tissue

A ______ is a group of similar cells that perform similar functions. ribosome tissue cytoplasm system

chylomicron

A ______ transports lipids in the bloodstream. sodium acetate cholecystokinin gastrin chylomicron

average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or Al values

A diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values. intakes of various nutrients are consistently less than EAR amounts. nutrient intakes are consistently above ULs. vitamin supplements are included.

placebo

A fake treatment is a(n) anecdote. double-blind study. pseudoscience experiment. placebo.

a prospective study

A group of scientists observe a group of college students over 4 years to determine which of their characteristics leads to weight gain. This study is an example of a case-control study. a prospective study. a retrospective study. an experimental study.

lymph vessel within each villus

A lacteal is a lymph vessel within each villus. form of carbohydrate in milk. muscular structure that regulates digestion in the large intestine. specialized cell.

acid;base

A salt forms when an ______ combines with a ______. electrolyte; proton acid; base element; pH enzyme; mineral

84

A serving of food contains 10 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, and 4 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal. 64 74 84 94

fat provides the most food energy

A serving of food supplies 20 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, 10 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? Fat provides the most food energy. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy. Water provides the most food energy. Fat provides about 25% of total calories.

a personal endorsement of a product

A testimonial is an unbiased report about a product's value. a scientifically valid claim. a personal endorsement of a product. a form of scientific evidence.

cheese

According to the MyPlate Plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products? cheese eggs butter cream

substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed

An antioxidant is a(an) essential nutrient found only in animal foods. dietary supplement that is available without prescription. substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed. nonnutrient produced by plants that provides health benefits.

epidemiology

An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population. epidemiology technobiology diseasiology censusology

hormones

Chemical messengers in the body are enzymes. cells. capillaries. hormones.

a case-control study

Comparing individuals with iron-deficiency anemia to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of a prospective study. an anecdotal study. a retrospective study. a case-control study.

dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes

Daily Values are for people who consume 1200 to 1500 kilocalorie diets. based on the lowest RDA or AI for each nutrient. dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes. used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of a population's diet.

pattern of food choices

Diet is a practice of restricting energy intake. pattern of food choices. method of reducing portion sizes. technique to reduce carbohydrate intake.

protein

Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except fiber. vitamin C. phytochemicals. protein.

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Generally, epidemiological studies establish causation. prove correlations. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships. are experimental-based research efforts that examine two variables.

tobacco use

In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is physical inactivity. tobacco use. high-fat diet. excessive alcohol intake.

75 kg

Lena weighs 165 pounds. What is her weight in kilograms? 75 kg 7.5 kg 82 kg 8.2 kg

mouth

Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth. stomach. small intestine. liver.

the basis for developing Als

Nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not used to develop formula food products. the basis for establishing DVs. used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets. the basis for developing AIs.

pork

People who follow Islamic dietary rules will not consume pork. rice. beef. milk.

helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract

Peristalsis is a common intestinal infection. interferes with lipid absorption in the small intestine. stimulates red blood cell formation in bone marrow. helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract.

may have healthful benefits

Phytochemicals are essential nutrients. may have healthful benefits. should be avoided. are in animal sources of food.

beef

Protein-rich food sources that also contain high amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol include peanut butter. dry beans. nuts. beef.

mouth

Starch digestion begins in the gastric pouch. esophagus. mouth. gallbladder.

a set of general nutrition-related recommendations

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is revised every year. a set of general nutrition-related recommendations. published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. used to develop DVs.

is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person

The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) has a margin of safety. does not account for a person's height, weight, or physical activity level. is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person. reflects a person's actual daily energy needs.

has food lists based on macronutrient contents

The Exchange System classifies foods in the same groups as MyPlate. has food lists based on macronutrient contents. is useful only for people who have diabetes. incorporates high-protein foods with high-carbohydrate foods.

FDA

The ____ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products. FDA FTC EPA USGS

supplemental nutrition assistance

The _____ Program enables eligible low-income participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores. Nutritious Food Purchase Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Healthy Diets for All Eat Better for Less

Estimated average requirement

The amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of half of the healthy people in a particular group is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Adequate Intake (AI). Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

hydrochloric acid

The stomach secretes salivary amylase. hydrochloric acid. bile. cholecystokinin.

villi

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called lumen. villi. duodenum. organelles.

molecule

Two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bond form a pH. molecule. proton. nucleus.

tuberculosis

Which of the following conditions is not one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States? tuberculosis cancer heart disease stroke

peaches

Which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals? hamburger fish peaches chicken

peanut butter

Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense? peanut butter sugar-sweetened soft drink fat-free milk iceberg lettuce

broccoli

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense? potato chips broccoli butter chocolate chip cookie

chocolate syrup

Which of the following foods would be classified as "empty calories" by MyPlate? chocolate syrup fat-free milk white bread corn oil

percentage of calories from fat

Which of the following information was not provided by the Nutrition Facts panel in 2015? percentage of calories from fat amount of carbohydrate per serving serving size amount of trans fat per serving

Men's Journal

Which of the following journals does not have peer-reviewed articles? Journal of American Medical Association The New England Journal of Medicine Journal of the American College of Nutrition Men's Journal

liver

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system? heart kidney liver bladder

smoking cigarettes

Which of the following practices increases the risk of peptic ulcer? chewing gum smoking cigarettes drinking orange juice eating a low-fiber diet

in general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume

Which of the following statements is false? A megadose is 10 times the recommended amount of a nutrient. Megadoses of nutrients may behave like drugs in the body. In general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume. A physiological dose of a vitamin is less than a megadose of the vitamin.

all arteries carry deoxygenated blood

Which of the following statements is false? Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Hemoglobin carries most of the oxygen in the blood. Cells need oxygen to obtain energy. All arteries carry deoxygenated blood.

RDAs are requirements for nutrients

Which of the following statements is false? RDAs are standards for daily intakes of certain nutrients. RDAs meet the nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people. RDAs contain a margin of safety. RDAs are requirements for nutrients.

a person can use www.choosemyplate.gov to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy

Which of the following statements is true? According to MyPlate, vegetable oils are grouped into the "Fats and Oils" food group. The MyPlate menu planning guide cannot be individualized to meet a person's food preferences. A person can use www.choosemyplate.gov to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy. MyPlate was the first food guide developed for Americans.

metabolism

______ refers to chemical processes that occur in living cells. Physiology Catabolism Anatomy Metabolism

making observations

The first step of the scientific method usually involves gathering data. developing a hypothesis. identifying relationships between variables. making observations.

Federal Trade Commission

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

The nutrients that provide energy are carbohydrates, vitamins, and lipids. lipids, proteins, and minerals. vitamins, minerals, and proteins. proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

gastric juice

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH? plain coffee household ammonia plain water gastric juice

fat

Which of the following substances is insoluble in water? fat sugar calcium sodium

ginseng

Which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994? tobacco aspirin ginseng ibuprofen

a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements

Which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information? the site of a nationally recognized health association (*.org) a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (*.com) the site of a U.S. government agency (*.gov) an accredited college or university's site (*.edu)