Nutrition Exam 4
Which of the following is not among the common signs of pellagra?
Desiccation
Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?
Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients
When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?
Excreted primarily in the urine
Which of the following is an essential nutrient for human beings?
Folate
Which of the following vitamins is usually found in a form that is bound to one or more glutamic acid molecules in food?
Folate
Which of the following vitamins undergoes significant enterohepatic circulation?
Folate
Which of the following is not a feature of folate nutrition?
Folate must be methylated by homocysteine prior to crossing the brush border membrane
Which of the following provides the most thiamin per serving size?
Ham
Which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?
High doses may lower blood cholesterol
Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?
High intakes of white rice
Which of the following is indicative of a dietary deficiency of riboflavin?
Inflamed mouth membranes
Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?
It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan
In what major way does alcohol intake affect vitamin B6 metabolism?
It dislodges the PLP coenzyme from its enzyme
Which of the following is a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?
It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane
Which of the following is not a characteristic of vitamin B6 in nutrition?
It is required in amounts proportional to energy expenditure
What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins?
Kidney
Which of the following substances is found in corn and contributes to the development of pellagra?
Leucine
How does the method of cooking affect thiamin stability?
Microwaving the food conserves much of the thiamin
Of the following commonly eaten foods, which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?
Milk
A low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?
Niacin
When taken in large doses, which of the following vitamins is associated with liver injury and peptic ulcers?
Niacin
Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
Niacin
Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn't recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms?
Niacin
What term identifies the characteristic tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid?
Niacin flush
Which of the following overt side effect(s) is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic acid?
Painful, tingling, itching sensation
What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?
Pantothenic acid
Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food?
Pantothenic acid
What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
Pellagra
Which of the following contains the highest concentration of thiamin in muscle tissue?
Pig
Which of the following is a property of thiamin nutrition?
Poor sources include seafood and cheeses
A protein that binds with biotin (thus inhibiting absorption) is found in which food?
Raw egg whites
Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin?
Raw egg whites
A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth?
Riboflavin
Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?
Riboflavin
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?
Riboflavin
Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy transformation reactions?
Riboflavin
What is the most likely explanation for the impaired functioning of the GI tract resulting from folate deficiency?
Since folate functions, in large part, in the process of cell renewal, a deficiency slows mucosal cell replacement, thereby resulting in decreased GI functioning
Of the following, which is the richest food source of thiamin?
Soy milk
Which of the following is a type of neural tube defect?
Spina bifida
Which of the following is a property of riboflavin in nutrition?
Stability to heat is good
Which of the following is a feature of folate nutrition?
Synthetic folate is 70% more available than naturally occurring food folate
What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?
The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
Which of the following is a feature of vitamins?
The quantities present in foods are measured in micrograms or milligrams
The vitamin deficiency disease pellagra means
"rough skin."
What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk?
Cardboard
What is the adult RDA for vitamin B6?
1.3 mg
What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for vitamin B6?
100 mg
The percent bioavailability of a folate supplement taken on an empty stomach is
100.
What is the approximate niacin RDA for adults?
15 niacin equivalents
How many dietary folate equivalents are provided by 100 µg of a folate supplement?
170
What is the adult Adequate Intake for biotin?
30 µg
What is the AI for pantothenic acid for adults?
5 mg
Approximately what percentage of dietary folate is bioavailable?
50
Approximately what percentage of alcoholics exhibit thiamin deficiency?
80
What is a precursor?
A substance that is used to synthesize another compound
Which of the following properties is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes?
Acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms
What is the primary chemical reaction in which thiamin participates as a coenzyme?
Assists in removal of one-carbon units from compounds involved in energy metabolism
Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme?
Attaches to an enzyme and allows a chemical reaction to take place
Among the following, which would be the best source of niacin equivalents?
Chicken
What is a chief function of the B vitamins?
Coenzyme participation
Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?
Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts
All of the following are general characteristics of the fat-soluble vitamins except
Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect the vitamin content of
A common drug for the treatment of tuberculosis is known to markedly interfere in the metabolism of vitamin
B6.
Among the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism, which is considered a vitamin for human beings?
Biotin
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
Biotin
Which of the following characteristics is shared by vitamin B12 and folate?
Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis
Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in
dairy foods.
Large doses of nicotinic acid are known to result in all of the following except
disappearance of learning disorders in children.
A person with a disorder that limits absorption of bile is at increased risk for deficiency of
folate
Pteroylglutamic acid is known as
folate.
Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
folate.
Riboflavin in its coenzyme form functions in the transfer of
hydrogen atoms.
General characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except
they must be consumed daily.
Beriberi results from a deficiency of
thiamin
The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of
thiamin.
Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect the vitamin content of
vitamin A.
Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of
vitamin B6.
Biotin can be synthesized by
intestinal bacteria.
All of the following are features of vitamin B6 metabolism except
it enhances physical performance when supplied at a level of l mg/g of dietary protein.
All of the following are properties of folate in nutrition except
it functions primarily in the transfer of amino groups.
Tryptophan can be used in the body to synthesize
niacin.
While researching your southern family history, you find that your grandmother had a sister who died fairly young. The symptoms leading up to her death included diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Because the family led a poor, corn-farming existence, you suspect this relative died of
pellagra.
Forms of vitamin B6 include all of the following except
pyrimidine.
All of the following are characteristic of thiamin nutrition except
recommended intakes are stated in "equivalents."
A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems except
skeletal system.
What fraction of women capable of becoming pregnant ingest the RDA for folate?
½
What is ariboflavonosis?
The vitamin B2 deficiency disease
Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin?
Thiamin pyrophosphate
Which of the following statements reflects our knowledge of water-soluble vitamin toxicity?
Toxicity symptoms for vitamin B6 can be severe and irreversible
When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?
Tryptophan
On a per-kcalorie basis, which of the following foods is richest in vitamin B6?
Vegetables
Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of riboflavin when expressed per kcalorie?
Vegetables
Which of the following vitamins would be removed in the production of skim milk?
Vitamin A
What vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism?
Vitamin B6
Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscle tissue?
Vitamin B6
Features of biotin in nutrition include all of the following except
a deficiency can be induced by ingesting large amounts of thiamin and folic acid, which interfere with its absorption.
The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as
ariboflavinosis.
Your brother Bob is a competitive body builder. His trainer suggested that he consume 4 egg white omelets per day. Bob remembers a warning about a possible vitamin deficiency from consuming too many egg whites and asks if he should follow the prescribed diet. Your reply to Bob is that he should not
be concerned, because, when the eggs are cooked, the avidin protein is denatured, and thus does not pose a problem for deficiency disease.
The chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency include
confusion and depression.
Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to
ultraviolet light.
