Nutrition exam- Chapter 1

essential nutrients

- body needs but can't make - must be provided in the diet -you have to have it

When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?

How many researchers were involved in the study

Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutrition information?

Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers

Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals?

Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans.

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is:

a phytochemical.

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to

choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on:

cultural and family background

In a controlled study, if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment, the study is called a

double blind study

Under-nutrition does not include

eating too much saturated fat

Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar. Group B is being given a

placebo

What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory?

A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning.

Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is:

all of these are effective strategies.

An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if:

an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements

A processed food is defined as

any food that has been changed from its natural state.

Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of a

balance study

energy yielding nutrients

carbs, fats, proteins

Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of an

epidemiological study

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called:

homeostasis

One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of an

intervention study

The energy provided by foods is measured in

kilocalories

The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is

make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as

nutrient density

The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called

nutrigenomics

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

provide more kcalories, contain fewer nutrients, be higher in fat, sugar, or salt

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to:

selecting appropriate portion sizes.

When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called:

single blind

Continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on:

the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results