Nutrition Final

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

Which of the following foods is not a source of phytochemicals? Fresh blueberries Cashew nuts Whole-grain bread Lean meat

Lean Meat

Main organ or detoxifying alcohol

Liver

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient? Fat Magnesium Water Protein

Magnesium

T/F One of the major signs of a severe vitamin A deficiency is xerophthalmia.

True

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States? Commodity Supplemental Food Program Meals on Wheels UNICEF WIC

WIC

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative (an inverse) correlation? When a group of adults increases their intake of fruits and vegetables, the percentage of people in the group who have high blood levels of vitamin C levels increases. When a group of people decreases their physical activity levels, the percentage of people in the group with healthy levels of body fat decreases. When a group of older adults increases their intake of high-fiber foods, the percentage of people in the group who develop intestinal cancer decreases. When a group of children eat more sugary foods, the percentage of children in the group who develop two or more decayed teeth increases.

When a group of older adults increases their intake of high-fiber foods, the percentage of people in the group who develop intestinal cancer decreases.

Rebecca has hypertension. To help lower her blood pressure, she should ________ follow a high-glycemic diet consume more foods that contain iron and zinc follow the DASH diet reduce her potassium intake

follow the DASH diet

A person who has a "thrifty metabolism" _____ when compared to a person who does not have a thrifty metabolism. gains weight more easily loses excess food energy in the form of body heat burns three times more fat metabolizes more glucose than fatty acids for energy

gains weight more easily

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of ________. ghrelin insulin leptin melatonin

ghrelin

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, ________. "According to the FDA, this product is classified a dietary supplement, because it contains vitamins" "All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven" "This product contains sugar and certain artificial color and flavor additives" "The ingredients in this product are listed on the label"

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven"

Jeannette wants to increase her intake of iron without taking a dietary supplement. When she shops for food, she reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help her choose foods that are the richest sources of iron?

%DVs

Elisa weighs 62 kg, which is approximately _____ pounds

136

Dave's height is 72 inches. What is his approximate height in centimeters?

183 cm

How many cm are in an inch?

2.54 cm

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. According to her physician, she should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 5 10 15 20

20

Which of the following statements is true?

A food cannot be labeled "organic" unless it meets certain government standards.

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin _________.

B-12

_____ is a mineral nutrient.Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen Calcium

Calcium

A person's _____ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity.

Ethnic Ancestry

Kevin has lactose intolerance, which means he is allergic to lactose. True False

False

Which of the following statements is true? Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach. Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger. Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food. People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn more fat per hour than other people.

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

You are planning a party for a group of 22-year-old college students. Two of the students follow the dietary practices of the Mormon religion and one of the students practices the religion of Islam. Which of the following beverages would be acceptable to everyone at the party? -Regular coffee, served with sugar and cream -Fruit juice blend made with grape and apple juice, orange slices, and carbonated water -"Lite" beer -White wine

Fruit juice blend made with grape and apple juice, orange slices, and carbonated water

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement. Chewing tobacco Ginkgo biloba Cherry jelly Orange drink

Ginkgo biloba

Which of the following statements is true? -Nutrients are life-sustaining substances in food. -In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to the ten leading causes of death, including influenza and pneumonia. -A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type, birth order, and sustainability. -People are born with the ability to choose a nutritious variety of foods.

Nutrients are life-sustaining substances in food.

Which of the following nutrients is a major mineral? Iodine Iron Potassium Zinc

Potassium

T/F Leptin is a hormone that reduces hunger.

T

Which of the following statements is true? -Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans. -Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. -The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber. -Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease.

The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation? -When members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables, their risk of high blood pressure increases. -When a group of children increases their physical activity levels, the percentage of the children who contract cold infections decreases. -When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average. -When a population's intake of green tea increases, the percentage of lung cancer cases in that population decreases.

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. enzyme oncogene antioxidant ion

antioxidant

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.

avoid overeating during meals

Lydia's diet lacks _____, which is classified as a major mineral. iodine iron selenium calcium

calcium

The body uses proteins to make ________.

certain hormones

Becky's 2-year-old-son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should _________.

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________

consuming foods that contain gluten

Dehydration can cause ________

death

Jillian is 3-months pregnant with her first child. Before she became pregnant, her BMI was 33.4. Based on this information, she has a high risk of developing ________.

gestational diabetes

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________. radiation to destroy pathogens heat to kill pathogens pressure to immobilize pathogens chemicals to denature pathogens

heat to kill pathogens

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of _________.

heterocyclic amines

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________. European ancestry high blood levels of LDL cholesterol physically active lifestyle low blood pressure

high blood levels of LDL cholesterol

Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD. HDL tryptophan aspartic acid homocysteine

homocysteine

In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. -gastric lipase and intrinsic factor -hydrochloric acid and pepsin -mucus and cholecystokinin -pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Chronic alcohol abuse ________. causes the heart to shrink increases fat deposits in the abdominal region lowers blood pressure increases the size of the adrenal glands

increases fat deposits in the abdominal region

When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of _________

iron

Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________

lipids

An essential nutrient ________. performs a vital function in the body is only in foods from animal sources must be supplied by the diet is not in foods that are rich sources of empty calories

must be supplied by the diet

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure

nitrogen

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _________. pellagra beriberi scurvy osteomalacia

osteomalacia

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ____ cancer. pancreatic skin muscle thyroid

pancreatic

Cindy is pregnant with her first baby. Recently, she began to eat clay from a hole that she dug in her yard. Cindy's behavior is an example of ________.

pica

To improve their children's eating habits, caregivers should ________. prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family encourage children to eat at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables daily discourage snacking use the promise of desserts as a reward for eating vegetables

prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ____ study.

prospective

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy for human cells?

protein

In the body, fat _______ provide insulation against cold temperatures are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals are needed for proper cholesterol digestion

provide insulation against cold temperatures

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include ________. reduced bone mineral density cystic fibrosis premenopausal polycystic syndrome hyperthermia

reduced bone mineral density

Chyme is the ________

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. alcohol starch water protein

starch

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________. stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine enables glucose to enter muscle cells increases the production of salivary amylase decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys

stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ________.

the placebo effect

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies. iron-deficiency anemia type 2 diabetes elevated HDL cholesterol beriberi

type 2 diabetes

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from ________ consuming too much fat and sugar vitamin A deficiency developing cystic fibrosis developing type 2 diabetes

vitamin A deficiency

A serving of food contains 30 g fat, 2 g protein, 3 g carbohydrate, 5 mg iron, 600 mg calcium, and 250 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

270

Which of the following statements is true? A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings. The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers. Since 1995, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.

A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension? African Americans Non-Hispanic white Americans Native Americans Asian Americans

African Americans

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? Oleic acid Stearic acid Palmitic acid Alpha-linolenic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

Which of the following statements is true? A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range. Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension. "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium. It is safe to take large doses of potassium supplements, because the mineral is non-toxic.

Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? Bile Hydrochloric acid Mucus Gastric juice

Bile

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? Biotin Sodium Potassium Bile

Biotin

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? Waist circumference that measures 33 inches Body temperature that is over 101°F Stomach ulcers that bleed Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

Brad enjoys eating pork roasts and ribs, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in food-borne illness. What should he avoid doing? -Washing his hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after touching the raw pork. -Sanitizing the knife that he used to cut up the raw pork with a mixture of bleach and water before using it again. -Grilling the pork on a hot grill until the internal temperature of the flesh reached 145°F. -Cleaning the plate used to carry the pork to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Cleaning the plate used to carry the pork to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Close Friends

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate? Consuming caffeine Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone Consuming nucleic acids Having a higher than normal level of ghrelin

Consuming caffeine

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin? Fruits Vegetables Dairy Oils

Dairy

The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer. First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment Pure Food and Drug Act Cancer Prevention Act

Delaney Clause of the Food

____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual functions.

Denaturation

Which of the following statements is true? -According to the legal definition developed by the FDA, a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism. -Physicians and registered dietitian nutritionists do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients. -Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes. -People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO.

Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use? Recommended Dietary Allowances Daily Values MyPlate Basic Four Food Groups

My Plate

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? Soluble fiber High-fructose corn syrup Glucose Lactose

Soluble Fiber

T/F Proteins help the body maintain its proper acid-base balance.

True

A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI is 25 or more cystic fibrosis pernicious anemia type 2 diabetes beriberi

Type 2 Diabetes

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Higher than average intakes of calcium Female sex Type 2 diabetes Asian ancestry

Type 2 diabetes

Pedro would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, his BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year. According to this information, his physician will need to ________. determine whether he has a serious chronic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease treat him with hypermetabolic medications let him know that it is not necessary for him to gain weight, because his BMI is in the healthy range provide him with a low-fat, low-carb diet that provides 900 kcal/day to gain weight

determine whether he has a serious chronic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One morning, Anna tested her blood before she ate breakfast and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should -consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level. -do nothing to intervene, because her fasting blood glucose level is normal. -give herself an extra injection of insulin. -do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, whic

do nothing to intervene, because her fasting blood glucose level is normal.

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with ________. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

Pregnant women generally need to take a dietary supplement that contains ________. protein oxytocin folic acid conjugated fatty acids

folic acid

Nervous system cells rely on primary _____ for energy.

glucose

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should _________.

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ________

zinc

T/F Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics.

False

T/F After drinking too much alcohol at a party, Samantha can sober up rapidly by drinking coffee and taking high doses of vitamin C

False

T/F Lactose intolerance is caused by eating foods that contain high amounts of sucrose and maltose.

False

On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with ________. Bacillus cereus aflatoxin Giardia Clostridium botulinum

Giardia

Which of the following foods is naturally a source of phytochemicals? Margarine Tuna Grapes Luncheon meat

Grapes

Dorrie wants to eat a food that is a good source of fiber and phytochemicals. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend? Brown eggs Organic chicken Dairy foods Green beans

Green Beans

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following statements is true? -In some regions of the United States, the traditional African heritage diet may contain unhealthy amounts of sodium and solid fat. -The typical Asian diet usually includes plenty of milk and milk products. -According to Islamic dietary laws, chicken is a prohibited food. -According to Jewish dietary laws, caffeinated beverages should not be consumed.

In some regions of the United States, the traditional African heritage diet may contain unhealthy amounts of sodium and solid fat.

____ is a mineral nutrient Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Iron

Iron

Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level is 240 mg/dl. According to this information, ________.

Jeanne needs to reduce her total blood cholesterol level to under 200 mg/dl and increase her HDL level to lower her risk of heart disease

Which of the following statements is true? -Freezing food kills the pathogenic bacteria it contains. -After a meal, refrigerate leftovers within 5 hours. -Raw ground beef is often a source of E. coli O157:H7. -In the United States, the hepatitis C virus causes more cases of food-borne illness than any other virus.

Raw ground beef is often a source of E. coli O157:H7.

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups? -Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries and fat-free milk -Fruit smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, orange juice, and fresh peaches -Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese and two slices of whole-wheat bread -Tuna-noodle casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries and fat-free milk

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of _________.

Rickets

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

_____ is the primary function of adipose cells. Storing glycogen Metabolizing glucose to generate heat Storing triglycerides (fat) Metabolizing amino acids to build muscle tissue

Storing triglycerides (fat)

T/F Sterilization is an extremely effective method of destroying food-borne pathogens

T

T/F The signs and symptoms of diabulimia are the same as those that occur in people with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

T

Which of the following statements is true? -The risk of cancer among people who apply chemical pesticides is the same as that of people who are not directly exposed to the substances. -Pesticides decompose in soil and, as a result, do not enter the human food chain. -Pesticides help protect the food supply and keep food costs down. -The FDA regulates the use of pesticides.

The FDA regulates the use of pesticides.

Which of the following statements is true? The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation. Pseudoscience is the scientific study of the causation and treatment of chronic diseases. In the United States, only registered dietitians and registered dietitian nutritionists can provide nutrition information legally. Registered dietitian nutritionists are not required to update their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics regularly.

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

Which of the following statements is true? A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing conventional medicine. Scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care. The RDN credential is legally protected. Disclaimers are clues that a product will meet your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.

The RDN credential is legally protected.

T / F In the United States, type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes.

True

Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance? Lung Kidney Skin Thyroid gland

Thyroid gland

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(an) ________.

anecdote

Shakena is a 7-year-old girl whose BMI-for-age is in the 86th percentile. According to this information, Shakena's weight is ________. healthy for her age in the obese range too low for her age classified as overweight

classified as overweight

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants soy-based formulas formulas that contain DHA juice meat

juice

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of kidney failure. cystic fibrosis. irritable bowel syndrome. lactose intolerance

kidney failure