Nutrition Final Exam
A 24-hour recall is used to collect a food and nutrition history. The client states that she didn"t eat breakfast. She had a soft drink and an apple for lunch, and for dinner, she had a slice of pizza. What is the best question the health care professional could ask next regarding this finding? A. 'Is this a usual day"s food intake?' B. 'What was on the slice of pizza?' C. 'Do you normally skip breakfast?' D. 'Are you on a busy schedule?'
A. 'Is this a usual day"s food intake?'
What is the most likely reason for a pregnant woman to crave pickles? A. A change in hormones B. A hypoglycemic episode C. A physiologic need for fluid D. A physiologic need for sodium
A. A change in hormones
What is a congregate meal? A. A meal provided for the elderly in a place such as a community center B. A meal prepared for the elderly that meets one-third of the Dietary Recommended Intakes C. A meal prepared for disadvantaged people of all ages to encourage communal gathering of diverse population groups D. A meal provided through the Nutrition Screening Initiative for the elderly and served primarily to church congregations
A. A meal provided for the elderly in a place such as a community center
Which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol intake and lactation? A. Alcohol easily enters breast milk B. Alcohol actually stimulates lactation C. Infants drink slightly more breast milk when the mother consumes up to 1 drink per day D. The small amounts of alcohol that are secreted along with breast milk stimulate infant digestion
A. Alcohol easily enters breast milk
Among the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism, which is considered a vitamin for human beings? A. Biotin B. Inositol C. Lipoic acid D. Orotic acid
A. Biotin
As far as is known, vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following processes? A. Blood clotting B. Growth of bones and teeth C. Synthesis of visual pigment D. Maintaining mucous membranes
A. Blood clotting
Which of the following events is specific to a salt-sensitive individual? A. Blood pressure increases as salt intake rises B. Immune system is activated when salt intake increases C. Muscle cramps occur when body sodium becomes depleted D. Thirst response is activated upon consumption of a sodium-rich food
A. Blood pressure increases as salt intake rises
Which of the following characteristics is shared by vitamin B12 and folate? A. Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis B. Both require intrinsic factors for their release from food proteins C. Both are found in significant amounts in green leafy vegetables D. Both are considered problem nutrients for strict vegetarians
A. Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis
Which of the following features do vitamins C and E share? A. Both function as antioxidants B. Both require bile for absorption C. Neither participates in protein synthesis D. Neither is affected by the processing of foods
A. Both function as antioxidants
Which of the following features do vitamins C and E share? A. Both function as antioxidants B. Both require bile for absorption C. Neither participates in protein synthesis D. Neither is affected by the processing of foods
A. Both function as antioxidants
Which of the following characteristics are shared by copper and fluoride? A. Both may be obtained from drinking tap water B. Both serve as cofactors for a number of enzymes C. Neither is involved in the integrity of bones and teeth D. Neither is known to be toxic at intakes of 10 times the estimated safe and adequate dietary intake
A. Both may be obtained from drinking tap water
Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin C and vitamin E? A. Both protect against LDL oxidation B. Neither reduces arterial inflammation C. Neither participates in regulating blood clotting D. Both act as prooxidants at physiological intakes
A. Both protect against LDL oxidation
Which of the following is characteristic of children who regularly eat breakfast or skip breakfast? A. Breakfast-skippers actually show lower scores on IQ tests than those who eat breakfast B. Attention spans are similar but a significant number of breakfast-skippers show hyperglycemia C. Breakfast-skippers initially show decreased mental performance but with time they adapt and show almost identical achievements D. Breakfast-skippers who change to eating breakfast show a temporary improvement in mental concentration but also a moderate degree of hypoglycemia
A. Breakfast-skippers actually show lower scores on IQ tests than those who eat breakfast
Which of the following cancers is associated with low levels of physical activity? A. Colon B. Stomach C. Liver D. Prostate
A. Colon
Which of the following steps should be undertaken by the parent or guardian to ensure that young people eat well? A. Control the availability of food B. Control the consumption of food C. Prohibit eating except at mealtime D. Provide an emotional climate that discourages snacking
A. Control the availability of food
Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Hypertension C. Acute renal failure D. Polycystic kidney disease
A. Diabetes mellitus
Nutrition assessment and counseling should begin during which stage for patients with HIV infection? A. Diagnosis of HIV B. Presence of opportunistic infection C. Presence of cancer D. End stage
A. Diagnosis of HIV
Which of the following is one of the recommendations to treat pregnancy-associated heartburn? A. Eat many small meals B. Drink fluids only with meals C. Exercise within 30 minutes after eating D. Lie down within 15 minutes after eating
A. Eat many small meals
Which of the following is a naturally occurring food source of vitamin D? A. Egg yolks B. Red meats C. Tomato juice D. Whole-wheat bread
A. Egg yolks
As a means to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in newborn infants, grain products are fortified with what nutrient? A. Folate B. Thiamine C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin B12
A. Folate
What vitamin is involved mainly with the replacement of red blood cells and digestive tract cells? A. Folate B. Niacin C. Thiamin D. Riboflavin
A. Folate
Which of the following is an essential nutrient for human beings? A. Folate B. Inositol C. Methoxatin D. Lipoic acid
A. Folate
Which of the following provides the most thiamin per serving size? A. Ham B. Squash C. Whole milk D. Whole-grain breads
A. Ham
What is the most reliable indicator of an infant"s future health status? A. Infant"s birthweight B. Mother"s weight before pregnancy C. Mother"s weight gain during pregnancy D. Mother"s nutrition status prior to pregnancy
A. Infant"s birthweight
Which of the following functions is shared by beta-carotene and vitamin E? A. Inhibition of oxidation B. Prevention of keratinization C. Inhibition of bone calcium loss D. Prevention of hemolytic anemia
A. Inhibition of oxidation
Marie is an 80-year-old woman with a BMI of 27 who has been admitted to the hospital for dehydration. She lives alone, her diet is very high in desserts and sweets, and she only drinks diet colas. On morning hospital rounds, the attending physician asks the group of interns what they recommend for the patient. With which intern should you disagree? A. Intern A: Try to lose enough weight to achieve a desirable BMI B. Intern B: Try to incorporate soft fruits and cooked vegetables into the diet C. Intern C: Try to avoid sodas that contain caffeine as they may contribute to dehydration D. Intern D: Try to drink at least 6 glasses of water a day (or the equivalent in fruit juices)
A. Intern A: Try to lose enough weight to achieve a desirable BMI
Of the following nutrient needs, which is considered the most difficult to meet during pregnancy, often because of low body stores? A. Iron B. Protein C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B6
A. Iron
Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn"t recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms? A. Niacin B. Biotin C. Riboflavin D. Vitamin B12
A. Niacin
What is the leading cause of high blood pressure in children? A. Obesity B. High sodium intake C. Insufficient calcium intake D. Insufficient potassium intake
A. Obesity
Which of the following two conditions are associated with television"s influence? A. Obesity and high blood lipids B. Anorexia and nutrient deficiencies C. Drug abuse and teenage pregnancy D. Hyperactivity and lower body weight
A. Obesity and high blood lipids
Which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency of the same nutrient? A. Osteomalacia and rickets B. Xerophthalmia and breath pentane release C. Kwashiorkor and fibrocystic breast disease D. Hemolytic anemia and large-cell type anemia
A. Osteomalacia and rickets
Which of the following is thought to promote the development of brain senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles? A. Oxidative stress B. Excess acetylcholine C. Dietary deficiency of choline D. Low blood levels of homocysteine
A. Oxidative stress
Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States? A. Poverty B. High cost of food C. Excessive food waste D. Lack of nutrition education
A. Poverty
What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet? A. Processed foods B. Unprocessed foods C. Natural salt content of foods D. Salt added during cooking and at the table
A. Processed foods
Which of these meals is lowest in vitamin C? A. Roast beef, carrots, noodles, and tea B. Hot dog, cabbage, french fries, and milk C. Roast beef, broccoli, noodles, and coffee D. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatball, garlic bread, and red wine
A. Roast beef, carrots, noodles, and tea
Which of the following nutrition assessment techniques is a measure of protein status? A. Serum albumin B. Body mass index C. Mean corpuscular volume D. Plasma creatinine
A. Serum albumin
Your sister Ellen has just joined the Peace Corps and will be working on ways to improve the nutritional status of children in Indonesia. Once there, she saw that many of the children and some adults suffer from night blindness. Which of the following foods should she recommend be incorporated into the Indonesian diet to help prevent future generations from developing this condition? A. Sweet potato B. Orange juice C. Peanut butter D. Powdered skim milk
A. Sweet potato
Which of the following is a characteristic of calcium supplement use? A. Taking them with a meal enhances absorption of calcium B. Taking them with iron supplements enhances absorption of iron C. Supplements of calcium carbonate show higher bioavailability than calcium citrate D. Small pills containing a large amount of calcium salt show faster dissolution in the stomach
A. Taking them with a meal enhances absorption of calcium
Which of the following is a characteristic of maternal smoking and breast milk production? A. The milk produced by mothers who smoke contains nicotine B. Cigarette smoking reduces the quality but not the quantity of breast milk C. Infants of breastfeeding mothers who smoke gain excessive weight consisting mainly of abdominal adipose tissue D. The smell and flavors of breast milk from mothers who smoke do not alter volume consumed until the infant reaches 3 months of age
A. The milk produced by mothers who smoke contains nicotine
Which of the following is a feature of elderly people and water metabolism? A. They do not feel thirsty or recognize dryness of the mouth B. They have a higher total body water content compared with younger adults C. They show increased frequency of urination, which results in higher requirements D. They frequently show symptoms of overhydration such as mental lapses and disorientation
A. They do not feel thirsty or recognize dryness of the mouth
Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people? A. They vary according to individual histories B. They remain the same as in young adult life C. They increase; therefore, supplementation is required D. They decrease for vitamins and minerals due to changes in body composition
A. They vary according to individual histories
Why are high-kcalorie, high-protein diets prescribed? A. To reverse or prevent weight loss or muscle wasting B. To promote heart health C. To prevent chronic medical conditions D. All of the above
A. To reverse or prevent weight loss or muscle wasting
Which of the following statements reflects our knowledge of water-soluble vitamin toxicity? A. Toxicity symptoms for vitamin B6 can be severe and irreversible B. Toxicity symptoms for vitamin C include constipation and hyperactivity C. Toxicities of the B vitamins occur almost as often from foods as from supplements D. Toxicity of niacin has been reported in body builders taking large amounts of amino acid supplements.
A. Toxicity symptoms for vitamin B6 can be severe and irreversible
Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby"s diet? A. Vitamin C and iron B. Vitamin A and zinc C. Vitamin B12 and fluoride D. Vitamin E and magnesium
A. Vitamin C and iron
Which anthropometric measurement is least sensitive as an indicator of muscle loss? A. Waist circumference B. Mid-upper arm circumference C. Mid-thigh circumference D. Mid-calf circumference
A. Waist circumference
Is it important to monitor the progress of clients on a nutrition care plan on a regular basis? A. Yes, because the plan may need to be changed or revised. B. Yes, because the client may need a review of the nutrition education. C. No, because responses to nutrition care plans are basically the same. D. No, because the desired response will develop eventually.
A. Yes, because the plan may need to be changed or revised.
All of the following are characteristics of body weight and older people except A. a higher body weight reduces the risk of sarcopenia. B. being overweight at age 75 does not reduce longevity. C. being moderately overweight may not carry health risks. D. a low body weight may be more detrimental than a high one.
A. a higher body weight reduces the risk of sarcopenia.
A child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of A. anemia. B. rickets. C. hyperkeratosis. D. ariboflavinosis.
A. anemia.
Glucosamine and/or chondroitin supplements are used by some people to treat symptoms of A. arthritis. B. sarcopenia. C. pressure ulcers. D. mild memory loss.
A. arthritis.
Cancer-causing substances are called: A. carcinogens. B. tumors. C. neoplasms. D. none of the above
A. carcinogens.
Mr. Nelson asks you what he can do to prevent cancer. You should recommend that he do all of the following except A. choose grilled and smoked meats frequently. B. be physically active. C. limit salt consumption. D. eat a variety fresh fruits and vegetables.
A. choose grilled and smoked meats frequently.
A nutritional assessment involves A. collecting data and using it to evaluate a patient"s nutrition status. B. implementing a nutrition care plan. C. identifying existing and potential nutrition problems. D. all of the above
A. collecting data and using it to evaluate a patient"s nutrition status.
Gastrointestinal surgeries can most profoundly affect nutritional status by impairing: A. digestion and absorption. B. metabolism. C. emotional health. D. none of the above
A. digestion and absorption.
Gabriel is studying to be a nurse. He realizes that the best preventive treatment for all types of kidney stones is to: A. drink plenty of fluids. B. consume a diet high in berries and juices. C. limit animal proteins. D. increase vitamin C intake.
A. drink plenty of fluids
The single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is by A. example. B. punishment. C. singling out only hazardous nutrition practices for attention. D. explaining the importance of eating new foods as a prerequisite for dessert.
A. example.
The appearance of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake of supplements of A. folate. B. niacin. C. vitamin C. D. vitamin B6.
A. folate.
Among the elderly, malnutrition is most common in those living A. in nursing homes. B. with their children. C. at home with others. D. at home by themselves.
A. in nursing homes.
Limited or doubtful availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods is termed food A. insecurity. B. insufficiency. C. vulnerability. D. precariousness.
A. insecurity.
The most common cause of iodine deficiency is A. insufficient intake of iodine from foods. B. overconsumption of other trace elements. C. overconsumption of anti-thyroid substances. D. pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
A. insufficient intake of iodine from foods.
Compared with cow"s milk, breast milk contains A. less protein and calcium. B. less lactose and vitamin C. C. more fat and less carbohydrate. D. more energy and less vitamin E.
A. less protein and calcium.
Cancer-related causes of anorexia include all of the following except A. lowered metabolic rate. B. pain. C. early satiety. D. mental stress.
A. lowered metabolic rate.
The provision of a client"s nutrient and nutrition education needs based on a complete nutrition assessment is A. medical nutrition therapy. B. nutrition care process. C. nutrition screening. D. medical history.
A. medical nutrition therapy.
A document or electronic file used to record a client"s history, assessment, treatment, and results of therapy is a(n) A. medical record. B. informal record. Incorrect C. diagnosis. D. nutrition care plan.
A. medical record.
Iron deficiency in children is likely to result from a diet that overemphasizes A. milk. B. cereals. C. vegetables. D. dried beans.
A. milk.
Head circumference is used to A. monitor infant growth. B. help detect overnutrition. C. evaluate muscle size. D. all of the above
A. monitor infant growth.
A person who is edentulous has A. no teeth. B. low immunity. C. difficulty swallowing. D. diminished muscle mass.
A. no teeth.
As far as is known, which of the following is not a process that directly involves calcium? A. pH regulation B. Blood clotting C. Nerve transmission D. Maintenance of heart beat
A. pH regulation
A person with a pressure ulcer has damage to her A. skin. B. colon. C. mouth. D. stomach.
A. skin.
General characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except A. they must be consumed daily. B. toxic levels in the body are rarely found. C. they are absorbed directly into the blood. D. excesses are eliminated from the kidneys.
A. they must be consumed daily.
All of the following are purposes of anthropometric measurements except A. to diagnose medical conditions. B. to evaluate growth. C. to detect undernutrition and overnutrition. D. to measure changes in body composition.
A. to diagnose medical conditions.
Approximately what percentage of a person"s life expectancy is under control of her genes? A. 0 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75
B. 25
What is the recommended range of weight gain, in lbs, during pregnancy for an underweight woman? A. 15-25 B. 28-40 C. 42-50 D. 55-62
B. 28-40
What would be the physiological age of a 75-year-old woman whose physical health is equivalent to that of her 50-year-old daughter? A. 25 years B. 50 years C. 70 years D. 125 years
B. 50 years
What is macrosomia? A. A neural tube defect B. A high-birthweight infant C. Excessive weight gain of the mother D. Abnormal cravings for carbohydrate during pregnancy
B. A high-birthweight infant
What is gestational diabetes? A. A severe form of type 1 diabetes in newborns B. Abnormal blood glucose maintenance during pregnancy C. Reactive hypoglycemia expressed during the third trimester of pregnancy D. A temporary loss of insulin secretion during the first trimester of pregnancy
B. Abnormal blood glucose maintenance during pregnancy
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D nutrition in the elderly? A. Most elderly receive near-RDA amounts of the vitamin B. Aging reduces the kidneys" ability to convert vitamin D to its active form C. The RDA for vitamin D in the elderly is lower due to less excretion by the kidneys D. Most elderly rely primarily on self-synthesis of the vitamin due to their greater time spent outdoors
B. Aging reduces the kidneys" ability to convert vitamin D to its active form
Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time? A. It prevents overfeeding B. Any allergic reactions can be detected C. Immunological protection hasn"t been developed D. The swallowing reflex is not under voluntary control
B. Any allergic reactions can be detected
What is the chief reason that breast-fed infants usually need to eat more frequently than formula-fed infants? A. Breast milk contains less fat B. Breast milk is digested faster C. Breast milk is less nutrient dense D. The amount of milk consumed per feeding is lower in breast-fed infants
B. Breast milk is digested faster
John is looking to increase his dietary sources of vitamin C. However, he expresses a strong dislike for all citrus fruits. Which of the following shopping lists would you recommend? A. Liver, yogurt, milk B. Brussels sprouts, broccoli, strawberries C. Banana, peanut butter, canned tuna fish D. Whole grains, pork, fortified corn flakes
B. Brussels sprouts, broccoli, strawberries
What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk? A. Airtight B. Cardboard C. Transparent glass D. Translucent plastic
B. Cardboard
In what capacity does vitamin C function? A. Coenzyme for energy release B. Cofactor in collagen formation C. Cofactor with calcium in blood coagulation D. Coenzyme in the formation of red blood cells
B. Cofactor in collagen formation
Which of the following cancer sites is associated with high intakes of red meat? A. Cervix B. Colon C. Liver D. Stomach
B. Colon
You have just been elected mayor of Smalltownville, where the major source of drinking water is from wells. What major health problem would be expected among the children of Smalltownville? A. Goiter B. Dental caries C. GI infections D. Hemochromatosi
B. Dental caries
Which of the following is a social factor that can affect food choices? A. Methamphetamine use B. Dependence on a family member to prepare food C. Mental illness D. All of the above
B. Dependence on a family member to prepare food
Which of the following is a feature of phosphorus in nutrition? A. Dietary sources include fresh vegetables B. Dietary deficiencies are virtually unknown C. Absorption is known to be reduced by soft drink consumption D. Its participation in bone synthesis requires equivalent intake of dietary calcium
B. Dietary deficiencies are virtually unknown
Recently, there has been a lot of news about the importance of antioxidants in the diet. Which of the following vitamins has been noted as preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins? A. A B. E C. K D. D
B. E
When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess? A. Not absorbed B. Excreted primarily in the urine C. Excreted primarily in the feces D. Stored in liver, bone, and adipose tissue
B. Excreted primarily in the urine
In what period of pregnancy would most damage from alcohol consumption occur? A. Before conception B. First trimester C. Second trimester D. Third trimester
B. First trimester
Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells? A. Protein and chromium B. Folate and vitamin B12 C. Calcium and vitamin A D. Vitamin E and vitamin C
B. Folate and vitamin B12
Which of the following statements describes an association between nutrient intake and lactation? A. Milk production is increased by higher fluid intake B. Ingestion of garlic may lead to an off-flavor of the milk C. Inadequate protein intake lowers the protein concentration of the milk D. The energy RDA for milk production calls for an additional 1000 kcalories per day
B. Ingestion of garlic may lead to an off-flavor of the milk
Which of the following is an important function of selenium? A. Helps blood to clot B. Inhibits the formation of free radicals C. Stabilizes the alcohol content of beer D. Acts as a cross-linking agent in collagen
B. Inhibits the formation of free radicals
Which of the following is a characteristic of a food allergy? A. It always elicits symptoms in the person B. It always involves the production of antibodies C. It always shows up immediately after exposure to the allergic food D. It is elicited from very small, simple molecules as well as large, complex molecules
B. It always involves the production of antibodies
What is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption? A. It catalyzes release of the vitamin from its protein-bound form B. It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the intestines C. It acts as a storage protein for the vitamin within the intestinal epithelial cells D. It acts as a cofactor for mucosal enzymes involved in absorption of the vitamin
B. It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the intestines
Which of the following mechanisms explains why fluoride is effective in controlling tooth decay? A. It helps regulate calcium levels in saliva B. It helps form decay-resistant fluorapatite C. It inhibits growth of decay-producing bacteria D. It changes the pH of the mouth, inhibiting bacterial growth
B. It helps form decay-resistant fluorapatite
Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption? A. It is lower in people with iron toxicity B. It is higher in people with iron deficiency C. It is lower when iron is in the form of heme rather than non-heme D. It is higher in adults than children due to more mature intestinal function
B. It is higher in people with iron deficiency
Which of the following is not a characteristic of vitamin B6 in nutrition? A. It is stored in muscle tissue B. It is required in amounts proportional to energy expenditure C. It can lead to irreversible nerve damage when taken in large doses D. It functions, in part, in the synthesis of glycine and glutamic acid
B. It is required in amounts proportional to energy expenditure
How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal? A. It activates transferrin B. It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form C. It releases iron from the proteins in the stomach D. It complexes with iron and promotes mucosal transport
B. It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form
How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease? A. It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol B. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins C. It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver D. It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver
B. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins
Which of the following is a feature of potassium? A. It is unrelated to blood pressure B. Liberal intakes may correct hypertension C. Major dietary sources are processed foods D. Deficiencies are usually the result of deficient intakes
B. Liberal intakes may correct hypertension
Which of the following is not known to be required in the diet of human beings? A. Folic acid B. Lipoic acid C. Ascorbic acid D. Pantothenic acid
B. Lipoic acid
What is sarcopenia? A. Loss of central visual activity B. Loss of muscle mass and strength C. Aging-induced chronic inflammation of the stomach D. Intestinal dysmotility from excessive use of laxatives
B. Loss of muscle mass and strength
Which of the following foods should not be included in a clear liquid diet? A. Popsicles B. Low-fat milk C. Gelatin D. Apple juice
B. Low-fat milk
What is a primary objective of nutrition therapy for HIV? A. Provision of micronutrient supplements B. Maintenance of lean body mass C. Reducing risk of hypolipidemia D. a and c E. All of the above
B. Maintenance of lean body mass
Which of the following is a characteristic of body weight changes associated with pregnancy? A. Weight gain is generally steady throughout pregnancy for normal-weight women B. Most women are unable to lose all of the weight that was gained during pregnancy C. Sudden, large weight gain in pregnancy may signal the development of hypotension D. Overweight pregnant women should gain as much weight as underweight pregnant women
B. Most women are unable to lose all of the weight that was gained during pregnancy
Kaitlyn is a nurse on the surgical unit. She monitors the number of patients on _____ daily because long-term use of either can cause malnutrition. A. NPO and full liquid diets B. NPO and clear liquid diets C. tube feedings and parenteral nutrition D. NPO and tube feedings
B. NPO and clear liquid diets
Which of the following foods seems to benefit rheumatoid arthritis in some people? A. Milk B. Olive oil C. Iodized salt D. Refined cereals
B. Olive oil
Which of the following is not included in a patient"s medical chart? A. Patient"s health history B. Personal opinions regarding the patient"s attitude C. Assessments, diagnoses, and prognoses D. Results of tests and treatments
B. Personal opinions regarding the patient"s attitude
In a health care facility, who holds the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that all the patient"s nutritional needs are met? A. Clinical dietitians B. Physicians C. Nurses D. Pharmacists
B. Physicians
Which of the following increases the risk of macrosomia? A. Folate deficiency B. Prepregnancy obesity C. Postpregnancy infection D. Gestational oxygen deprivation
B. Prepregnancy obesity
What is the major source of dietary sulfur? A. Fats B. Protein C. Mineral salts D. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron? A. Good food sources include dairy products B. Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport C. Severe deficiencies lead to delay in the onset of puberty D. Doses of 10 times the RDA may cause death in children
B. Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport
Tommy has been undergoing chemotherapy treatments for the past month. Tommy has been experiencing recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting. Which of the following is a strategy to control nausea and vomiting? A. Encourage Tommy to eat gelatin, broths, and popsicles. B. Recommend eating less than two hours before treatments. C. Recommend eating smaller meals more quickly. D. a and b
B. Recommend eating less than two hours before treatments.
Roberta"s first child is now 8 months old. Roberta has been breastfeeding and would like to begin to introduce solids foods. She read somewhere to introduce one food at a time to the infant. Which of the following would be the best choice for the first food to introduce to the baby? A. Oats B. Rice C. Wheat D. Barley
B. Rice
Which of the following is the richest source of iodine? A. Corn B. Seafood C. Orange juice D. Cruciferous vegetables
B. Seafood
Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of vitamin E? A. Iron B. Selenium C. Chromium D. Molybdenum
B. Selenium
Rose is a 73-year-old spunky, energetic woman who is wheel-chair bound. She cannot go to the grocery store and has no family members nearby. Which of the following would be the most appropriate suggestion for ensuring that Rose is obtaining adequate nutrition? A. Suggest she attend congregate meals B. Sign her up for the Meals on Wheels program C. Suggest that Rose enter a nursing home that will cater to her every need D. Have a volunteer buy in bulk from a grocery warehouse once a month and deliver the food to Rose
B. Sign her up for the Meals on Wheels program
Which of the following is a characteristic of tobacco use and adolescents? A. Smoking cigarettes increases the feeling of hunger B. Smokers require more vitamin C to maintain body stores C. Tobacco users in this population group are advised to take supplements of beta-carotene D. The risk of mouth cancer is slightly lower for users of smokeless tobacco compared with smokers
B. Smokers require more vitamin C to maintain body stores
Which of the following is a rich source of phytoestrogens? A. Potatoes B. Soybeans C. Cold-water fish D. Green, leafy vegetables
B. Soybeans
Why are diets for dysphagia highly individualized? A. Facility standards B. Swallowing difficulties can vary greatly C. Swallowing ability remains stable over time D. b and c
B. Swallowing difficulties can vary greatly
What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food? A. The total amount available from plant and animal food B. The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body C. The amount that escapes destruction from food processing D. The number of different chemical forms of the same vitamin
B. The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
In regards to a clear-liquid diet, which of the following statements is false? A. The liquids require minimal digestion. B. The liquids provide maximal stimulation to the GI tract. C. The foods and clear fluids are liquid at room temperature. D. This is often the first diet served after acute gastrointestinal illness.
B. The liquids provide maximal stimulation to the GI tract.
Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings? A. The vitamin is not essential B. The vitamin is widespread in foods C. Most people take vitamin E supplements D. The vitamin can be synthesized by the body
B. The vitamin is widespread in foods
Which of the following proteins reflects both protein and iron status? A. Albumin B. Transferrin C. Transthyretin D. Retinol-binding protein
B. Transferrin
Why are vegetarians at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency? A. Vegetarian diets inhibit absorption of the vitamin B. Vegetarian diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin C. The fiber content of vegetarian diets causes decreased storage by the liver D. The fiber content of vegetarian diets causes increased excretion of the vitamin
B. Vegetarian diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin
Fiber-rich foods are thought to inhibit cancer development because they A. activate enzymes capable of destroying carcinogens. B. accelerate lower GI transit. C. contain tryptophan. D. decrease the risk of obesity.
B. accelerate lower GI transit.
All of the following are functions of the kidneys except A. helping to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. B. activating vitamin A. C. eliminating metabolic waste products. D. helping to regulate blood pressure.
B. activating vitamin A.
Changes in hydration and diarrhea due to illness affect nutrition status by A. reducing nutrient and food intake. B. altering metabolism and excretion. C. impairing digestion and absorption. D. all of the above
B. altering metabolism and excretion.
Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume are all hematology tests used to detect A. PEM. B. anemia. C. dehydration. D. all of the above
B. anemia.
Lycopene is classified as a(n) A. lignan. B. carotenoid. C. phytoestrogen. D. enzyme cofactor.
B. carotenoid.
Characteristics of manganese in nutrition include all of the following except A. plant foods are good sources. B. deficiencies are seen primarily in the elderly. C. absorption is inhibited by calcium supplements. D. toxicity is more common from environmental contamination than from the diet.
B. deficiencies are seen primarily in the elderly.
All of the following contribute to reduced food intake, which leads to wasting in HIV infection, except A. cancer. B. diarrhea. C. medical treatments. D. respiratory infection.
B. diarrhea.
Wasting associated with HIV infection can be attributed to all of the following except A. reduced food intake. B. excessive nutrient intake. C. altered metabolism. D. chronic diarrhea.
B. excessive nutrient intake.
The amount of vitamin D recommended in pregnancy can be obtained by consumption of fortified milk and A. low-mercury fish. B. exposure to the sun. C. tropical fruit juices. D. vitamin D supplements.
B. exposure to the sun.
There is evidence that an adequate intake of _____ protects against the development of cancers of the lung, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. A. meat B. fruits and vegetables C. unsaturated fat D. protein
B. fruits and vegetables
Brenda is in her 26th week of gestation and has a family history of diabetes. She has been consuming a diet containing 60% of energy from carbohydrates. If she does not make appropriate dietary changes, she is at high risk for developing A. preeclampsia. B. gestational diabetes. C. preexisting diabetes. D. preexisting hypertension.
B. gestational diabetes.
Chromium deficiency is characterized by A. hypertension. B. hyperglycemia. C. enlargement of the liver. D. enlargement of the thyroid gland.
B. hyperglycemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly is least likely to occur from A. intestinal bacterial overgrowth. B. insufficient intake of vitamin B12. C. reduced output of intrinsic factor. D. reduced output of hydrochloric acid.
B. insufficient intake of vitamin B12.
Adolescent women may fail to reach peak bone mass for all of the following reasons except A. their intakes of milk decline during their growth spurts. B. lactose intolerance begins to intensify during the teenage years. C. the requirements for calcium are relatively high during this life stage. D. low physical activity provides little stimulus for enhancing bone mass and calcium retention.
B. lactose intolerance begins to intensify during the teenage years.
A factor that predisposes people to kidney stone formation is: A. frequent urination. B. low urine volume. C. hematuria. D. all of the above
B. low urine volume.
All of the following are features of osteoarthritis except A. high BMI is a risk factor. B. nicotine intake reduces inflammation and increases flexibility. C. it is the most common type of arthritis that disables older people. D. weight loss improves the symptoms in the hands as well as the weight-bearing joints.
B. nicotine intake reduces inflammation and increases flexibility.
All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract except A. lactose. B. oxalates. C. pregnancy. D. stomach acid.
B. oxalates.
Fruits and vegetables contain _____ that may enhance immune functions and protect the body against cancer development. A. fiber B. phytochemicals C. fructose D. vitamin D
B. phytochemicals
Nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome focuses on A. increasing the fat content in the diet. B. preventing protein malnutrition and alleviating edema. C. high-protein diets. D. high sodium intake.
B. preventing protein malnutrition and alleviating edema.
Physical findings are most appropriately used to A. pinpoint vitamin deficiencies. B. reveal problems for other assessment techniques to confirm. C. verify hydration state. D. diagnose patients.
B. reveal problems for other assessment techniques to confirm.
Evidence to date in animals and/or human beings suggests that normal bone metabolism requires all of the following trace minerals except A. boron. B. silver. C. silicon. D. vanadium.
B. silver.
A nutrition care plan is A. the client"s diet prescription ordered by the physician. B. the dietitian"s strategies for meeting an individual"s nutritional needs. C. the nurse"s documentation of how well the client is eating. D. nutritional formulas showing minimum daily requirements.
B. the dietitian"s strategies for meeting an individual"s nutritional needs.
A principal reason that congregate meals are preferable to Meals on Wheels is that A. the cost of administering congregate meals is lower. B. there are more social benefits to congregate meals. C. nutritional benefits are greater with congregate meals. D. more meals per week are served with congregate meals.
B. there are more social benefits to congregate meals.
The best dietary intervention for a cancer patient experiencing a metallic taste is to A. serve meat very warm. B. use poultry, fish, or eggs for protein. C. avoid all foods containing protein. D. provide mouth care after meals.
B. use poultry, fish, or eggs for protein.
A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either A. riboflavin or niacin. B. vitamin B12 or folate. C. thiamin or riboflavin. D. vitamin B6 or vitamin B12.
B. vitamin B12 or folate.
At what age does the normal infant first develop the ability to swallow solid food? A. 3-5 weeks B. 26-32 weeks C. 4-6 months D. 9-12 months
C. 4-6 months
Roughly what percentage of patients hospitalized with acute illness are malnourished? A. 10-20% B. 30-40% C. 40-60% D. 70-80%
C. 40-60%
The number of extra kcalories per day needed to produce a normal supply of milk during the first six months of lactation is approximately A. 100. B. 250. C. 500. D. 1000.
C. 500.
Which of the following is a characteristic of iron absorption? A. MPF in plant foods enhances overall iron absorption B. Ferritin in red meat interferes with ferrous iron absorption C. Absorption of heme iron is about 50% higher than nonheme iron D. Transferrin released from pancreatic juice regulates iron uptake from mucosal cells
C. Absorption of heme iron is about 50% higher than nonheme iron
Which of the following is the primary function of potassium? A. Participates in wound healing B. Helps maintain gastric acidity C. Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte D. Protects bone structures against degeneration
C. Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte
Which of the following shows the highest bioavailability for calcium? A. Milk B. Spinach C. Broccoli D. Pinto beans
C. Broccoli
Which of the following would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo-vegetarian? A. Milk B. Eggs C. Broccoli D. Whole-grain bread
C. Broccoli
During pregnancy, which of the following nutrients show a dramatic increase in absorption? A. Salt and sugar B. Protein and fat C. Calcium and iron D. Thiamin and ascorbic acid
C. Calcium and iron
Which of the following is a major function of magnesium? A. Transport of oxygen B. Prevention of anemia C. Catalyst in energy metabolism D. Production of thyroid hormone
C. Catalyst in energy metabolism
What are the thickenings that occur to the lenses of the eye, thereby affecting vision, especially in the elderly? A. Retinitis B. Keratoids C. Cataracts D. Rhodolipids
C. Cataracts
Which of the following is a characteristic of hunger and behavior in children? A. Children who fail to eat breakfast typically become hyperactive after eating lunch B. The nutrient deficit arising from skipping a breakfast is usually made up over the following 2 days C. Children who eat nutritious breakfasts are absent from school less often than their friends who do not D. Although breakfast-skippers show reduced attention spans, their scores on intelligence tests remain unaffected
C. Children who eat nutritious breakfasts are absent from school less often than their friends who do not
Your cousin Emily is a vegetarian. Since you have just learned in your nutrition class that nonheme iron is absorbed less efficiently than heme iron, you want to make sure Emily is getting enough iron. What should you recommend Emily do to maximize her iron absorption? A. Choose spinach as her main source of iron B. Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of milk C. Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of orange juice D. Refrain from any major activity after eating to aid digestion/absorption of iron
C. Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of orange juice
Which of the following approaches is likely to be helpful in implementing long-term dietary changes? A. Insist that the individual get ready for change. B. Emphasize what not to eat, rather than what to eat. C. Encourage only one or two changes at a time. D. All of the above
C. Encourage only one or two changes at a time.
Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin? A. Blood coagulation B. Formation of red blood cells C. Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients D. Formation of epithelial cell mucopolysaccharides
C. Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients
Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child? A. Encourage the individual to eat quickly and then leave the table B. Institute new eating habits such as teaching the individual to clean the food plate C. Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity D. Take control and strongly encourage the individual to lose weight by limiting food intake and regular vigorous exercise
C. Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity
Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption? A. Tea B. Coffee C. Foods containing vitamin C D. Foods containing vitamin E
C. Foods containing vitamin C
Donna Davis is an 18-year-old girl who is 5"4' and weighs 90 lbs. Her serum albumin level is 2.0 g/100 mL. From this information, what can you conclude about Donna"s nutrition status? A. She is undergoing short-term exposure to stress. B. Her nutrition status is adequate for her age. C. Her biochemical data reflects long-term protein depletion. D. Not enough information is provided to speculate.
C. Her biochemical data reflects long-term protein depletion.
As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity? A. Renin B. Gastrin C. Insulin D. Antidiurectic hormone
C. Insulin
Which of the following cancer sites may require tube feeding, TPN, or a fat- and lactose-restricted diet prescription? A. Kidneys B. Pancreas C. Intestine D. Brain
C. Intestine
Which of the following is a characteristic of vegetarian diets during pregnancy or lactation? A. Vegan diets require supplements of selenium, zinc, and manganese B. Breast milk from vegetarian women is lower in protein but higher in fiber C. It is possible that a vegetarian diet can support a healthy pregnancy and normal lactation D. The increase in appetite during pregnancy allows a vegan pregnant woman to easily meet or exceed her energy requirements
C. It is possible that a vegetarian diet can support a healthy pregnancy and normal lactation
Miss. Keppler has lost her dentures during transfer. Which diet would be the best choice to help her meet her nutritional needs? A. Tube feeding B. Clear liquids C. Mechanically altered diet D. High-calorie, high-protein diet
C. Mechanically altered diet
What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency? A. Adults B. Elderly C. Newborns D. Teenagers
C. Newborns
Which of the following is a nutrition-related factor that increases cancer risk by altering levels of hormones that influence cell growth? A. High-temperature food preparation B. Infections C. Obesity D. High intakes of alcohol
C. Obesity
When eaten in the same meal, which of the following foods enhances the absorption of iron in legumes? A. Nuts B. Fiber C. Oranges D. Whole-grain breads
C. Oranges
Which of the following overt side effect(s) is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic acid? A. Constipation B. Mental confusion C. Painful, tingling, itching sensation D. Hair loss, bloating, and photophobia
C. Painful, tingling, itching sensation
Which of the following is a feature of food choices and eating habits of older people? A. The quality of life among older people has not improved since 1995 B. Older people spend less money on foods to eat at home than younger people C. People over 65 are less likely to lose weight by dieting than are younger people D. Most older people think of themselves as generally unhappy and in poor health
C. People over 65 are less likely to lose weight by dieting than are younger people
Which of the following foods should not be included in a mechanically-altered, ground or minced diet? A. Cooked cream of wheat B. Apricot nectar C. Pretzels D. Mashed potatoes
C. Pretzels
Which food is excluded from a clear-liquid diet? A. Bouillon B. Fruit ice C. Pudding D. Sugar
C. Pudding
Which of the following foods should not be included in a fiber-restricted diet? A. Applesauce B. Watermelon C. Raisins D. White bread
C. Raisins
Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin? A. Aged wine B. Aged cheese C. Raw egg whites D. Raw cauliflower
C. Raw egg whites
Jenny has just learned that she is one month pregnant (1st trimester). She has been looking forward to all the ice cream, chips and cakes she has seen women on TV and in the movies eating when they are pregnant. What is the most appropriate advice for Jenny? A. She can eat these foods, but only up to 340 kcalories extra per day B. She can eat these foods, but only up to 550 kcalories extra per day C. She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester and should not indulge herself D. She should not eat these foods, but rather include one extra serving from each food group per day
C. She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester and should not indulge herself
Exposure to which of the following is associated with cancer development? A. Excessive folate B. Hepatitis A C. Sunlight D. All of the above
C. Sunlight
Which of the following is a feature of nutrition and behavior in children? A. Hyperactivity responds favorably to a low-sugar diet B. The adverse effects from caffeine first appear only after drinking 6 cans of cola in one day C. Television commercials featuring snack foods have been found to affect children"s food preferences D. Because most children are sensitive to the stimulating effects of caffeine, they are able to control their intake of cola beverages
C. Television commercials featuring snack foods have been found to affect children"s food preferences
A patient complains that he is dissatisfied with his diet and would like more information about the restrictions. Which of the following healthcare workers is responsible for providing diet education to the patient? A. The nurse B. The physician C. The dietitian D. The pharmacist
C. The dietitian
Why are hemoglobin and hematocrit tests of limited usefulness in the assessment of iron status? A. They are expensive to perform B. They are notoriously inaccurate C. They are late indicators of iron deficiency D. The range of normal value is usually wide
C. They are late indicators of iron deficiency
Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion? A. Athletes who are body-builders B. Construction workers in cold climates C. Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables D. Those who consume insufficient amounts of salted foods
C. Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables
Which of the following is not among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins? A. Require bile for absorption B. Found in the fat and oily parts of foods C. Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue D. Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins
C. Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue
When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin? A. Lysine B. Valine C. Tryptophan D. Phenylalanine
C. Tryptophan
Martin Washington is suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. He is on dialysis and the dietitian is trying to increase the energy content of his meals by adding extra fat. Which type of fat should be used? A. Saturated fat B. Trans fat C. Unsaturated fat D. Cholesterol
C. Unsaturated fat
What vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism? A. Biotin B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin B6 D. Riboflavin
C. Vitamin B6
Which of the following would be the poorest dietary source of vitamin C? A. Liver B. Potatoes C. Whole grains D. Cruciferous vegetables
C. Whole grains
If a client is asked to recount everything eaten or drunk in a typical day, the assessor is using _____ to collect the data. A. a food record B. a kcalorie count C. a 24-hour recall D. direct observation
C. a 24-hour recall
All of the following are characteristics of copper in nutrition except A. deficiency is rare. B. legumes are a rich source. C. absorption from foods is poor. D. absorption is reduced by ingestion of zinc supplements.
C. absorption from foods is poor.
With few exceptions, all of the following substances or practices should be totally eliminated during pregnancy except A. cigarette smoking. B. weight-loss dieting. C. artificial sweeteners. D. alcohol consumption.
C. artificial sweeteners.
A sodium-controlled diet is prescribed by the physician. As a dietitian counseling the client, you would first A. assess the client"s understanding of the education provided. B. consult the client for his/her favorite foods. C. assess the level of literacy and preferred learning style of the client. D. mail the client a handout providing guidelines for a sodium-controlled diet.
C. assess the level of literacy and preferred learning style of the client.
Fiber-restricted diets restrict all of the following except A. whole-wheat bread. B. chunky peanut butter. C. buttermilk. D. winter squash.
C. buttermilk.
The main reason cruciferous vegetables are considered cancer fighters is because they A. are high in fiber. B. are low in fat. C. contain phytochemicals. D. support the immune system.
C. contain phytochemicals.
A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with A. anemia. B. rickets. C. cretinism. D. allergies.
C. cretinism.
The rationale for limiting raw or undercooked foods in a patient with neutropenia is that this diet A. prevents potassium loss. B. prevents steatorrhea. C. decreases risk of foodborne illness. D. helps support the immune system.
C. decreases risk of foodborne illness.
A person with dysphagia has A. no teeth. B. low immunity. C. difficulty swallowing. D. diminished muscle mass.
C. difficulty swallowing.
After surgery, the physician ordered Tina to be put on a clear liquid diet. The first food Tina would receive would be A. bread. B. eggs. C. gelatin. D. milk.
C. gelatin.
Thrush interferes with dietary intake for all of the following reasons except A. it induces altered taste sensations. B. it results in difficulty with swallowing. C. it impairs fat absorption. D. it causes oral pain.
C. it impairs fat absorption.
All of the following are features of the Meals on Wheels program except A. it is administered by volunteers. B. it operates at least 5 days a week. C. it provides the same social benefits as congregate meals. D. the only qualification to receive benefits is achieving the age of 60 years.
C. it provides the same social benefits as congregate meals.
The primary objective of nutrition therapy for HIV is to help the patient _____ weight and muscle tissue. A. lose B. gain C. maintain a healthy D. none of the above
C. maintain a healthy
When a regular diet fails to meet the nutrient needs of a client, a _____ is used. A. standard diet B. nutrition care plan C. modified diet D. nursing diagnosis
C. modified diet
All of the following reflect a state of iron nutrition in pregnancy except A. the mineral is conserved during this period. B. absorption of the mineral increases due to higher blood transferrin. C. most women enter pregnancy with adequate stores of the mineral. D. stores of the mineral are transferred to the fetus even with low dietary intake.
C. most women enter pregnancy with adequate stores of the mineral.
Delivery of nutrient solutions directly into the vein is called A. enteral nutrition. B. modified nutrition. C. parenteral nutrition. D. tube feeding.
C. parenteral nutrition.
A local high school has just added milk to the vending machine. Parents were very supportive of this change; however, not all the students believe this is useful. You have a few minutes to speak to the student body, and your talk should A. emphasize that the milk will be priced lower than the other beverages. B. mention that the other beverages like soda have CO2, which increases the risk for heartburn. C. point out that milk is a good source of calcium, which is required for teens during peak bone growth. D. explain how milk contains important nutrients that lower the risk for anemia, especially in teenage girls.
C. point out that milk is a good source of calcium, which is required for teens during peak bone growth.
The majority of sodium in a typical diet comes from _____. A. salt added at the table B. salt added during cooking C. processed foods D. unprocessed natural foods
C. processed foods
Zinc is highest in foods that also contain a high amount of A. fat. B. fiber. C. protein. D. carbohydrate.
C. protein.
Copper McCabe has been smoking cigarettes for 15 years. This habit increases his risk for the all of the following except: A. lung cancer. B. mouth cancer. C. skin cancer. D. kidney cancer.
C. skin cancer.
All of the following are known to have a high sulfur content except A. skin. B. hair. C. teeth. D. nails.
C. teeth.
A nurse was receiving new orders written in the patient chart. The order read, 'NPO,' which means A. the patient will receive only beverages and medications. B. the patient will receive only medications. C. the patient will receive nothing by mouth. D. the patient will receive anything orally.
C. the patient will receive nothing by mouth.
The association of cholesterol to the health of children is described by all of the following except A. cholesterol intake should be limited beginning at 2 years of age. B. blood cholesterol levels in children are good predictors of their adult levels. C. there appears to be only a very weak correlation between obesity in children and their blood cholesterol levels. D. serum cholesterol is higher in children viewing television for 2 hours per day compared with more active individuals.
C. there appears to be only a very weak correlation between obesity in children and their blood cholesterol levels.
Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect the vitamin content of A. folate. B. thiamin. C. vitamin A. D. riboflavin.
C. vitamin A.
The process of bone remodeling is known to be dependent on all of the fat-soluble vitamins except A. vitamin A. B. vitamin K. C. vitamin E. D. vitamin D.
C. vitamin E.
All of the following are features of arthritis except A. the immune system is directly involved in rheumatoid arthritis. B. weight loss improves the pain in the hands from osteoarthritis. C. weight-bearing exercises often aggravate the pain from osteoarthritis. D. supplements of glucosamine and chondroitin seem to reduce the pain of arthritis.
C. weight-bearing exercises often aggravate the pain from osteoarthritis.
Which of the following charcterisitics is shared by vitamins B6, B12, C, and folate?
Consumption prevents anemia
Greg says that he usually eats 1 medium carrot every day to ensure that he"s consuming enough vitamin A. Today he said he didn"t eat any carrots and is worried that there is not enough vitamin A in his system. What would you say to Greg to allay his fear? A. 'Take a vitamin A supplement as soon as you can!' B. 'As long as you eat some chicken tonight you will not develop chicken eyes.' C. 'Well, there isn"t any vitamin A in carrots so you probably haven"t consumed vitamin A for some time now.' D. 'Don"t worry; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes a lot longer than one day to develop any adverse effects.'
D. 'Don"t worry; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes a lot longer than one day to develop any adverse effects.'
Which of the following statements is the best way to begin the interview for a 24-hour dietary history? A. 'What did you have for breakfast today?' B. 'You do eat breakfast everyday, don"t you?' C. 'Do you begin the day with juice or coffee?' D. 'What is the first thing you ate or drank when you woke up?'
D. 'What is the first thing you ate or drank when you woke up?'
What is the RDA for folate for a woman weighing 132 pounds? A. 180 mg B. 220 mg C. 242 mg D. 400 mg
D. 400 mg
Approximately what percentage of a person"s life expectancy is dependent upon his personal behavior? A. 0 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75
D. 75
Which of the following is a feature of fluoride in nutrition? A. Most bottled waters are fluoridated B. A severe deficiency is known as fluorosis C. Fluorapatite refers to an increase in the desire to eat fluoride-rich foods D. A deficiency contributes to the most widespread health problem in the United States
D. A deficiency contributes to the most widespread health problem in the United States
Which of the following fruits provides high amounts of potassium? A. Grapefruit B. Grapes C. Apple D. Bananas
D. Bananas
John is 60 years old and has been experiencing numbness in his hands for the past 3 months. His doctor suspects that John is not producing enough hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor and encourages him to eat more foods containing vitamin B12. What is wrong with this suggestion? A. People missing intrinsic factor cannot digest foods containing vitamin B12 and will develop diarrhea B. Intrinsic factor is not associated with vitamin B12 and eating more foods containing it would have no effect on John"s health C. It is improbable that a lack of hydrochloric acid production and intrinsic factor are associated with the numbness that John is experiencing D. Because John has no intrinsic factor, he cannot efficiently utilize vitamin B12 from natural sources and would need a vitamin B12-fortified food or supplement
D. Because John has no intrinsic factor, he cannot efficiently utilize vitamin B12 from natural sources and would need a vitamin B12-fortified food or supplement
Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? A. Tryptophan B. Chlorophyll C. Xanthophyll D. Beta-Carotene
D. Beta-Carotene
Which of the following statements reflects current knowledge of food choices in pregnancy? A. A craving for pickles is a strong indicator that the body needs salt B. A craving for milk is a strong indicator that the body needs calcium and/or phosphorus C. Careful and appropriate selection of foods can meet all nutrient needs for most women D. Cravings and aversions to certain foods are probably the result of altered taste and smell sensitivities induced by hormones
D. Cravings and aversions to certain foods are probably the result of altered taste and smell sensitivities induced by hormones
Which of the following is not a potential cause of the nephrotic syndrome? A. Diabetes B. Kidney infections C. Chemical damage D. Edema
D. Edema
Which of the following is not a source of nutrition assessment data? A. Anthropometric tests B. Biochemical analyses C. Medical, social, and dietary history D. Educational transcripts
D. Educational transcripts
Which of the following is an example of a food containing high-quality protein? A. Gelatin B. Dried beans C. Peanut butter D. Fish
D. Fish
Which of the following foods is highest in folate? A. Meats B. Starches C. Dairy products D. Green, leafy vegetable
D. Green, leafy vegetable
Which of the following is a characteristic of caffeine intake and water balance? A. Caffeine inhibits water absorption from the GI tract B. Caffeine is known to act as a diuretic only when consumed as coffee or tea C. Regular intake of caffeine promotes an increase in water retention of the interstitial fluid volume D. Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting noncaffeinated beverages
D. Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting noncaffeinated beverages
If the diet contains precursor vitamin A, which of the following tissues can use it to form vitamin A? A. Eyes B. Kidneys C. Adipose cells D. Intestinal cells
D. Intestinal cells
Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition? A. It is susceptible to destruction in foods exposed to light B. It participates primarily in reactions involving amino acids C. It is soluble in both water and lipids depending upon its chemical form D. It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan
D. It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan
Which of the following types of diets has been shown to prevent or reduce arthritis inflammation? A. High in simple sugars, low in canned fruit B. High in animal protein, low in canned fruit C. Low in polyunsaturated fat, high in oleic acid D. Low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids
D. Low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids
Which of the following population groups is least susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia? A. Older infants B. Children 2-10 years of age C. Women of childbearing age D. Men 20-45 years of age
D. Men 20-45 years of age
Which part of the SOAP note would include recommendations? A. S B. O C. A D. P
D. P
What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A? A. Biotin B. Folate C. Riboflavin D. Pantothenic acid
D. Pantothenic acid
Which of the following minerals is least likely to be deficient in anyone"s diet? A. Iron B. Calcium C. Chromium D. Phosphorus
D. Phosphorus
Which of the following is not among the recommended methods for introducing new foods to children? A. Offer foods one at a time B. Offer foods in small amounts C. Create a pleasant eating atmosphere D. Present new foods at the end of the meal
D. Present new foods at the end of the meal
What is the most important predictor of a person"s mobility in the later years? A. BMI B. Alcohol use C. Chronological age D. Regular physical activity
D. Regular physical activity
Which of the following is not an example of a nursing diagnosis with a nutritional implication? A. Risk for aspiration B. Impaired oral mucous membranes C. Impaired physical mobility D. Sexual dysfunction
D. Sexual dysfunction
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D? A. The bioavailability of vitamin D from soy milk is low B. Lifeguards on southern beaches have increased risk for vitamin D toxicity C. Most adults living in the southern United States need small amounts of dietary vitamin D D. The average consumption in the United States does not meet the recommended intake
D. The average consumption in the United States does not meet the recommended intake
Penny is a new mom and, on the advice of her doctor, has been eating an extra whole-wheat bagel with strawberry jelly every night in addition to her nutrient-dense diet. Why did Penny receive this advice? A. Bagels are a way of getting more kcalories in the diet B. Bagels provide the extra protein lactating mothers need for lactose production C. Babies prefer the strawberry jelly in the mother"s diet as it alters the taste of the breast milk D. These bagels provide the extra carbohydrates and fiber lactating mothers need for lactose production
D. These bagels provide the extra carbohydrates and fiber lactating mothers need for lactose production
What is the most likely explanation for the increased prevalence of obesity in children over the past 30 years? A. They eat more snacks B. They sleep more hours C. They consume more sugar D. They are less active physically
D. They are less active physically
What nutrients appear to be protective against cataract formation? A. Iron and calcium B. Chromium and zinc C. Vitamin B12 and folate D. Vitamin C and vitamin E
D. Vitamin C and vitamin E
Foods high in oxalate include A. beets, orange peel, and peanut butter. B. blueberries, strawberries, and chocolate. C. white potatoes, pepper, and lentils. D. a and b E. a, b, and c
D. a and b
Patients should be advised that which of the following foods contribute to the fluid allowance in fluid-restricted diets? A. Gelatin B. Popsicles C. Pudding D. a and b E. b and c
D. a and b
Which of the following nursing diagnoses has a nutritional implication? A. Chronic confusion B. Feeding self-care deficit C. Hypothermia D. a and b E. b and c
D. a and b
Phosphorus is found in A. eggs. B. milk products. C. peanut butter. D. all of the above
D. all of the above
When long-term dietary changes are necessary, a nutrition care plan must take into account the patient"s: A. current food habits. B. lifestyle. C. degree of motivation. D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals for infants are based on the A. average amounts present in body tissues of thriving infants. B. adult RDA scaled down to infants on a per kg body weight basis. C. older child"s RDA scaled down to the infant on a per kg body weight basis. D. average amounts ingested by thriving infants breastfed by well-nourished mothers.
D. average amounts ingested by thriving infants breastfed by well-nourished mothers.
All of the following are known to have a high correlation with risk for osteoporosis except A. being thin. B. being female. C. having anorexia nervosa. D. consuming a high-protein diet.
D. consuming a high-protein diet.
To help alleviate pregnancy-related nausea, all of the following actions are recommended except A. eat dry toast or dry crackers. B. avoid milk when feeling nauseated. C. avoid orange juice when feeling nauseated. D. eat large, infrequent meals so as to limit contact time with food.
D. eat large, infrequent meals so as to limit contact time with food.
Early symptoms of HIV infection do not include: A. diarrhea. B. malaise. C. skin rashes. D. edema.
D. edema.
Jimmy is 33 years old and his obese parents each have cataracts in both eyes. They rarely eat fruits or vegetables and prefer a meat and potatoes existence. To reduce his risk of developing cataracts like his parents, Jimmy should incorporate all of the following into his diet except A. maintaining a healthy body weight. B. eating a variety of foods that contain carotenoids. C. eating a variety of foods that contain vitamins C and E. D. getting enough sleep at night to preserve the integrity of his eyes.
D. getting enough sleep at night to preserve the integrity of his eyes.
The purpose of obtaining historical information is to assess for A. low socioeconomic status. B. food and drug interactions. C. nutrient deficiencies. D. health factors that affect nutrition status.
D. health factors that affect nutrition status.
The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent A. dehydration. B. constipation. C. osteoporosis. D. hypertension.
D. hypertension.
All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except A. it impairs learning ability. B. it occurs in approximately 5-10% of young, school-age individuals. C. it is managed, in part, by prescribing stimulant drugs when necessary. D. in many cases, it responds favorably to dietary manipulations such as limiting sugar intake.
D. in many cases, it responds favorably to dietary manipulations such as limiting sugar intake.
Zinc is known to play an important role in all of the following functions except A. wound healing. B. synthesis of retinal. C. production of sperm. D. oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
D. oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
A condition that increases the likelihood of iron deficiency in older people is A. lack of intrinsic factor. B. loss of iron due to menopause. C. blood loss from yearly physical testing procedures. D. poor iron absorption due to reduced stomach acid secretion and/or use of antacids.
D. poor iron absorption due to reduced stomach acid secretion and/or use of antacids.
Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following except A. blood clotting. B. muscle contraction. C. prevention of dental caries. D. production of red blood cells.
D. production of red blood cells.
Diets high in vitamin D and calcium are recommended for children with nephrotic syndrome to prevent A. beriberi. B. marasmus. C. nephrosclerosis. D. rickets.
D. rickets.
To prevent and treat the high incidence of constipation in the elderly, all of the following practices are known to be effective except A. eating more legumes. B. drinking more water. C. increasing physical activity. D. taking vitamin B12 injections.
D. taking vitamin B12 injections.
Relationships between the use of tobacco products and complications of pregnancy include all of the following except A. smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of vaginal bleeding. B. chewing tobacco during pregnancy leads to lower-birthweight infants. C. smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. D. taking zinc supplements prevents the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension in smokers.
D. taking zinc supplements prevents the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension in smokers.
All of the following are characteristics of tooth loss in the elderly except A. people without teeth have low intakes of fiber and vitamins. B. properly-fitted dentures are less effective than natural teeth. C. people without teeth commonly consume fewer fruits and vegetables. D. the consumption of applesauce instead of apples and creamed corn instead of corn on the cob reduces nutrient bioavailability and impairs nutritional health.
D. the consumption of applesauce instead of apples and creamed corn instead of corn on the cob reduces nutrient bioavailability and impairs nutritional health.
All of the following are features of the iron RDA for adolescents except A. the RDA for 13-year-old males and females is about the same. B. the RDA increases during the growth spurt for both males and females. C. iron intakes often do not meet increasing needs for growth for males and females. D. the frequency of iron deficiency is similar among males and females of the same age.
D. the frequency of iron deficiency is similar among males and females of the same age.
All of the following are features of nutrition and metabolism in infancy except A. the infant"s brain uses about 60% of the daily energy intake. B. the fat in breast milk provides most of the energy to support rapid growth. C. the infant"s brain is larger relative to the size of the body and therefore uses more energy. D. the protein content in breast milk can be high enough to occasionally induce protein overload.
D. the protein content in breast milk can be high enough to occasionally induce protein overload.
All of the following are characteristics of vitamin D nutrition except A. deficient intake may lead to altered bone composition. B. excessive intake may lead to mineral deposits in the kidneys. C. fortified milk is the major dietary source in the U.S. population. D. the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun.
D. the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun.
Nutrient characteristics of human breast milk include all of the following except A. the sodium content is low. B. the zinc is highly bioavailable. C. the iron is highly bioavailable. D. the vitamin D content meets optimal growth requirements.
D. the vitamin D content meets optimal growth requirements.
If a person refrained from ingesting any of the water-soluble vitamins, deficiency symptoms would appear last for A. folate. B. vitamin C. C. vitamin B1. D. vitamin B12.
D. vitamin B12.
A person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of A. vitamin A. B. vitamin B6. C. vitamin C. D. vitamin D.
D. vitamin D.
The kidneys activate A. vitamin A. B. vitamin B6. C. vitamin K. D. vitamin D.
D. vitamin D.
Medical nutrition therapy for cancer patients depends on which of the following factors? A. Type of cancer B. Severity of cancer C. Side effects of treatment D. a and c E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Medical nutrition therapy for cancer patients depends on which of the following factors? A. Type of cancer B. Severity of cancer C. Side effects of treatment D. a and c E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Cathy has been diagnosed with calcium oxalate stones. Her physician instructs her to A. consume adequate calcium. B. take vitamin C supplements. C. avoid vitamin C supplements. D. a and b E. a and c
E. a and c
A sodium-controlled diet is often used to prevent fluid retention and may be recommended for the treatment of: A. hyperglycemia. B. congestive heart failure. C. kidney disease. D. a and b E. b and c
E. b and c
Which of the following is characteristic of a standard diet? A. Results in reduced intake of fat and saturated fat B. Includes all foods C. Meets the nutrient needs of a normal, healthy individual D. a and b E. b and c
E. b and c
What is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among the U.S. and Canada?
Iron
Adolescent growth spurt
It begins and ends earlier in girls than in boys.
Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?
It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan
All of the following dietary substances are known to adversely affect calcium balance except
Lactose in the diet
