Nutrition Final Exam Review

What should be the composition of the last (pregame) meal for an athlete before an athletic event? A. High protein, providing 30 kcal/kg body weight. B. Vegetables and fruit juices, providing 100-200 kcalories. C. High carbohydrate, low-fiber, providing 300-800 kcalories. D. High fiber, providing 200-300 kcalories and a liberal amount of fluid which is beneficially retained by the fiber in the GI tract.

C. High carbohydrate, low-fiber, providing 300-800 kcalories.

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? A. Liver B. Heart C. Kidneys D. Skeletal muscle

C. Kidneys

Why shouldn't a woman who is 7 months pregnant be prescribed Accutane to fight acne? A. It may aggravate existing edema. B. It may lead to prolongation of labor and delivery. C. Made from Vitamin A, it's highly toxic and can cause birth defects. D. It's high Vitamin D concentration causes bleeding.

C. Made from Vitamin A, it's highly toxic and can cause birth defects.

What organ of the pregnant woman carries nutrients to, and removes waste from the fetus? A. Uterus B. Cervix C. Placenta D. Amniotic sac

C. Placenta

Which of the following is a feature of creatine supplementation in athletes? A. It may enhance performance of endurance marathon athletes. B. Long term use of creatine is deemed safe and doesn't affect liver and kidney function. C. Power athletes, such as weight lifters, use creatine to improve muscle strength and size to enhance performance. D. It causes short term weight loss consisting primarily of lean tissue.

C. Power athletes, such as weight lifters, use creatine to improve muscle strength and size to enhance performance.

Water constitutes what percent of an adult's body weight? A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60%

D. 60%

Sodium losses occur through what body routes? A. Vomiting and diarrhea B. Sweating and perspiring C. None of the above D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following food substances can be converted to Vitamin A in the body? A. Tryptophan B. Chlorophyll C. Manganese D. Beta-carotene

D. Beta-Carotene

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin? A. Retinol B. Tocopherol C. Vitamin K D. Cyabobalamin

D. Cyabobalamin

A child with bowed legs is likely deficient is Vitamin A. A B. K C. E D. D

D. D

After his visit to the eye doctor. Greg began eating 1 medium carrot every day. On a weekend camping trip he didn't have access to carrots or carrot juice. He wonders if he got enough Vitamin A over the weekend. What advice would you give to Greg? A. Take a Vitamin A supplement as soon as you get home. B. As long as you eat carrots Sunday night you'll be OK. C. Well there isn't any Vitamin A in carrots anyway, so you'll be OK. D. Don't worry. Fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes longer than one day to develop any adverse effects.

D. Don't worry. Fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes longer than one day to develop any adverse effects.

Eating a handful of nuts on occasion is a smart habit as they contain magnesium which plays an important role in what? A. Vision B. Wound healing C. Carbohydrate digestion D. Heart health

D. Heart health

What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream? A. Ferritin B. Myoglobin C. Transferrin D. Hemoglobin

D. Hemoglobin

What type of intake, and time of its ingestion, promotes the first and most rapid repletion of glycogen stores after physical activity A. Mixed meal taken within 4 hours. B. Mixed meal taken within 30 minutes. C. High carbohydrate meal taken within 3 hours. D. High carbohydrate snack taken within 15 minutes.

D. High carbohydrate snack taken within 15 minutes.

What is the recommended composition of the postgame meal of an athlete? A. Low protein B. High protein C. Low carbohydrate D. High carbohydtrate

D. High carbohydtrate

Which of the following are components of training? A. Intensity only B. Frequency only C. Frequency and flexibility only D. Intensity, frequency, and duration only

D. Intensity, frequency, and duration only

The vitamin deficiency that creates weak bones and manifests itself as knock-knees or bowed legs is called what? A. Rackets B. Rackemia C. Rickatosis D. Rickets

D. Rickets

Which nutrient, with chemical similarities to sulfur, is a powerful antioxidant in battling prostate cancer? A. Iodine B. Copper C. Iron D. Selenium

D. Selenium

Which of the following foods are significant sources of oxalates and interfere with calcium absorption? A. Seeds and nuts B. Processed cheeses C. Fermented dairy products D. Spinach and sweet potatoes

D. Spinach and sweet potatoes

Which of the following can the body use to synthesize Vitamin D? A. Bone tissue B. Carotenoids C. Water D. Sunlight

D. Sunlight

Why should fiber rich foods be avoided in an athlete's pregame meal? A. The fiber delays absorption of fat. B. The fiber interferes with the breakdown of glucose. C. The meal crowds out more energy dense foods. D. The fiber retains water in the GI tract that otherwise could be absorbed.

D. The fiber retains water in the GI tract that otherwise could be absorbed.

Zinc is known to play an important role in all of the following functions except A. growth and development. B. immune functions. C. blood clotting and wound healing. D. aiding in fat digestion.

D. aiding in fat digestion.

The effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function is known as A. muscle fitness. B. muscle endurance. C. muscle adaptation. D. cardiorespiratory conditioning.

D. cardiorespiratory conditioning.

All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration (1-2% loss of body weight) except A. thirst B. fatigue C. weakness D. difficulty swallowing

D. difficulty swallowing

Jenny has just learned that she is one month pregnant. She has been looking forward to all the ice cream, chips, and cakes she has seen women on TV and in movies eating when they are pregnant. What is the best advice for Jenny? A. She can eat as much of these snack foods as she wants as she doesn't need to worry about calorie intake. B. She should eat plenty of these snack foods to nourish her growing baby. C. She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester of pregnancy and should not indulge herself. D. Tell her to relax, have fun. It's her time to eat the food quantity for two. Besides she can worry about any extra weight gain later.

C. She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester of pregnancy and should not indulge herself.

Which of the following has been shown to improve absorption of iron from iron supplements? A. Taking them with milk. B. Taking them with orange juice. C. Taking them on an empty stomach rather than with meals. D. Taking them in the form of the ferric salt.

C. Taking them on an empty stomach rather than with meals.

Why are hemoglobin and hematocrit tests of limited usefulness in assessment of iron status? A. They are expensive to perform. B. They are notoriously inaccurate. C. They are late indicators of iron deficiency. D. The range of normal value is usually wide.

C. They are late indicators of iron deficiency.

Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet? A. Meats B. Citrus fruits C. Vegetable oils D. Milk and dairy products

C. Vegetable oils

When non-heme iron food sources are consumed with this nutrient at the same meal, absorption of iron increases. A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D

C. Vitamin C

A person with osteoporotic bones has roughly the same amount of calcium as? A. an infant B. a second grader C. a high school freshman D. a pregnant woman

C. a high school freshman

Which fruits are highest in antioxidant power? A. bananas and oranges B. apples and pears C. blueberries and pomegranates D. strawberries and peaches

C. blueberries and pomegranates

The components of fitness include all of the following except A. strength. B. flexibility. C. bone fragility. D. cardiovascular endurance.

C. bone fragility.

Where are the fat soluble vitamins stored? A. in the stomach B. in the gallbladder C. in the liver and adipose tissue D. in the intestines

C. in the liver and adipose tissue

Zinc is highest in foods that also contain a high amount of A. fat. B. fiber. C. protein. D. carbohydrate.

C. protein.

Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by A. tripling protein intake. B. taking hormones duplicating those of puberty. C. putting a demand on muscles to make them work harder. D. eating protein for fuel and decreasing intake of carbohydrates.

C. putting a demand on muscles to make them work harder.

All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except A. tea. B. coffee. C. sugars. D. phytates.

C. sugars.

What is the minimum recommended weight gain for the obese pregnant woman? A. 11 lbs B. 15 lbs C. 25 lbs D. 35 lbs

A. 11 lbs

At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass? A. 30-40 years B. 40-50 years C. 50-60 years D. 60-70 years

A. 30-40 years

In what chief capacity does Vitamin K function? A. Blood clotting B. Energy metabolism C. Calcium itilization D. Tissue renewal

A. Blood clotting

Which population is the least salt-sensitive group? A. Caucasians B. Black Americans C. Obese persons D. Diabetic persons

A. Caucasians

Which of the following is not among the common food sources of potassium? A. Cheese B. Potatoes C. Fresh fruits D. Orange juice

A. Cheese

What is the term given to the developing human organism from the eighth week after conception until birth? A. Fetus B. Embryo C. Zygote D. Ovum

A. Fetus

Which of the following is characteristic of lead in the body? A. It displaces minerals making them unable to perform their roles. B. It does not impact brain development. C. It has no effect on other minerals and their function. D. It does not impair balance and motor development.

A. It displaces minerals making them unable to perform their roles.

All of the iron in foods derived from plants is termed what? A. Non-heme B. Heme C. Ferritin D. Transferrin

A. Non-heme

What is the term for the movement of water across the cell membrane toward the more concentrated solutes? A. Osmosis B. Isotonic C. Osmetric D. Isonex

A. Osmosis

What is the name given to the ingestion of non-nutritive substances, such as clay or dirt? A. Pica B. Goiter C. Tetany D. Hemosiderosis

A. Pica

Which of the following is a feature of protein nutrition in physical activity? A. Protein is not the major fuel for physical activity. B. Protein is the major fuel for physical activity. C. It is best for athletes to consume non-heme iron protein sources of food. D. Physical activity requires an intake of only protein foods.

A. Protein is not the major fuel for physical activity.

What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride? A. Public water B. Dark green vegetables C. Milk and milk products D. Meats and whole-grain cereals

A. Public water

Your sister Ellen has joined the Peace Corps and has been assigned to improve the nutritional status of children in Indonesia. Once there, she learns that many of the children and some adults suffer from night blindness. Which of the following foods should she recommend to help prevent others from developing this condition? A. Sweet potato B. Orange juice C. Peanut butter D. Powdered skim milk

A. Sweet potato

Which of the following is a characteristic of oxygenated water use in athletes? A. The oxygen in the water has no benefit. B. Regular use reduces risk for sports anemia. C. The water's oxygen can more easily cross over into the GI tract. D. It increases blood oxygen but only for about 15 minutes.

A. The oxygen in the water has no benefit.

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant defending the body from free radical damage? A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following compounds is known to function as a hormone? A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin K C. Phylloquinone D. Vitamin E

A. Vitamin D

Which of the following best exemplifies an activity that promotes flexibility? A. Yoga B. Pilates C. Weight lifting D. Jump rope

A. Yoga

Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to A. dental decay. B. osteoporosis. C. discoloration of teeth. D. nutritional muscular dystrophy.

A. dental decay.

Iron deficiency in children is likely to result from a diet that overemphasizes A. milk. B. cereal. C. vegetables. D. dried beans.

A. milk.

To maintain physical fitness during pregnancy, all of the following activities are considered acceptable except A. saunas. B. swimming. C. playing tennis. D. 45-minutes balanced exercise sessions 3 times/week.

A. saunas.

The neural tube is involved in the formation of the brain and spinal cord. An infant born with incomplete closure of the spinal cord has A. spina bifida B. macrosomia C. brain swelling D. epilepsy

A. spina bifida

What is the minimum amount of fluid that an athlete should drink for each pound of body weight lost during an activity? A. 1 cup B. 2 cups C. 3 cups D. 4 cups

B. 2 cups

How much water loss impairs a person's physical performance? A. 1-2% B. 3-4% C. 5-9% D. 10-15%

B. 3-4%

In the United States, iron is currently added to which of the following foods? A. Milk and cheese B. Breads and cereals C. Peanut butter and jellies D. Orange juice and tomato juice

B. Breads and cereals

What mineral is part of Vitamin B12? A. Copper B. Cobalt C. Nickel D. Vanadium

B. Cobalt

Which of the following is a common side effect from taking iron supplements? A. Itching B. Constipation C. Diarrhea D. Black tongue

B. Constipation

Your cousin Emily is a vegetarian. Since you just leaned in your nutrition class that non-heme iron is absorbed less efficiently than heme iron, you want to make sure Emily is getting enough iron. What should you recommend Emily do to maximize her iron absorption? A. Choose spinach as her main source of iron. B. Eat her non-heme iron sources with a class of orange juice. C. Eat her non-heme iron sources with a glass of milk. D. Refrain from any major activities after eating to aid in the digestion/absorption of iron.

B. Eat her non-heme iron sources with a class of orange juice.

At 8 weeks, what is the name of the human organisms that has a complete central nervous system, a beating heart, a digestive system, fingers and toes, and the beginnings of facial features? A. Fetus B. Embryo C. Zygote D. Ovum

B. Embryo

Anabolic steroids are illegal substances extracted from herbs that are poorly absorbed and have dangerous side effects. A. True B. False

B. False

Supplements are the best source of phytonutrients? A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following nutrients taken as a prenatal supplement has been found to be associated with a lower incidence of neural tube defects? A. Iron B. Folate C. Calcium D. Cobalamin

B. Folate

Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency? A. Gout B. Goiter C. Anemia D. Hypertension

B. Goiter

High intakes of potassium prevent and correct what illness? A. Lactose intolerance B. Hypertension C. Chron's Disease D. Celiac Sprue illness

B. Hypertension

Which of the following is the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lives inland? A. Fresh water fish. B. Iodized table salt. C. Locally grown produce. D. Plant of the cabbage family.

B. Iodized table salt.

Sarah works full time as an office secretary and has gained 20 pounds in the past 5 years. To promote optimal fat loss through exercise, which activities should Sarah initiate? A. Wearing an electrical impulse belt throughout the day. B. Low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as walking on work breaks or hiking on weekends. C. High intensity aerobic activity like cycling or swimming after work. D. Very high intensity anaerobic activity like running 1/4 mile at maximum speed.

B. Low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as walking on work breaks or hiking on weekends.

With inadequate Vitamin D intake, bones lose calcium and become less dense. This sets the stage for what disease? A. Osteophage B. Osteoporosis C. Osteoprecocius D. Osteoanemia

B. Osteoporosis

What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet? A. Unprocessed foods B. Processed foods C. Natural salt content of foods D. Salt added during cooking and at the table

B. Processed foods

Which of the following foods is a very good source of Vitamin A? A. Corn B. Pumpkin pie C. Baked potato D. Whole grain bread

B. Pumpkin pie

When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity? A. Bicarbonate and sulfate B. Sodium and chloride C. Calcium and magnesium D. Potassium and phosphorous

B. Sodium and chloride

Which of the following is not a function of water in the body? A. Lubricant B. Source of energy C. Maintains protein structure D. Participant in chemical reactions

B. Source of energy

Which of the following is a rich source of phytoestrogens? A. Potatoes B. Soybeans C. Cold-water fish D. Green, leafy vegetables

B. Soybeans

Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals? A. Many of us are deficient in trace minerals. B. The amounts of trace minerals in foods are dependent, in part, on soil and water compositions. C. Deficiencies are most difficult to recognize in children than in adults. D. Deficiencies are genetic.

B. The amounts of trace minerals in foods are dependent, in part, on soil and water compositions.

Your friend just moved to Northern Canada to do full-time research on bats in caves. Show works in the caves during the day and leaves at sundown when the bats are active. Which of the following would you advise she buy and consume regularly? A. Orange Juice B. Vitamin D fortified milk C. Calcium fortified soy milk D. Omega 3 fatty acid fortified milk

B. Vitamin D fortified milk

Recently there has been a lot of news about the importance of antioxidants in the diet. Which of the following vitamins has been noted as preventing the oxidation of LDL's? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin D

B. Vitamin E

What nutrient becomes depleted most rapidly during physical exercise? A. Iron B. Water C. Glucose D. Glycogen

B. Water

A person engaged in physical activity in hot, humid weather and who wears a rubber suit to promote weight loss is a high risk of experiencing A. ketosis. B. heat stroke. C. hypothermia. D. overhydration.

B. heat stroke.

Chromium deficiency is characterized by A. high blood pressure. B. high blood sugar levels. C. enlargement of the liver. D. enlargement of the thyroid gland.

B. high blood sugar levels.

A muscle that increases in size in response to use is an example of A. atrophy. B. hypertrophy. C. muscular endurance. D. muscle engorgement.

B. hypertrophy.

Worldwide iron deficiency (affection more than 1.2 billion people) is the? A. least common nutrient deficiency B. most common nutrient deficiency C. result of a hereditary defect D. result of parasitic infections in the GI tract

B. most common nutrient deficiency

Jennifer has just had a baby boy. She was told that shortly after giving birth her son received an intramuscular injection of Vitamin K and she wonders why this was done. You explain that it A. was needed to prevent eye disease. B. prevented possible bleeding events. C. protected the baby from excessive fat deposits. D. was needed to promote good bone growth

B. prevented possible bleeding events.

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to A. provide energy for cells B. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth C. regulate the transmission of nerve impulses D. maintain the narrow blood level limits of calcium

B. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth

Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of A. water. B. sodium. C. glucose. D. potassium.

B. sodium.

Sports drinks begin to provide an advantage over plan water for athletes when their exercise periods first exceed A. 15 minutes. B. 45 minutes. C. 1 hour. D. 3 hours.

C. 1 hour.

What is the Adequate Intake of calcium for young adults? A. 500 mgs B. 800 mgs C. 1000 mgs D. 1500 mgs

C. 1000 mgs

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, engaging in a moderately intense exercise would be to walk a mile in A. 7 minutes B. 10 minutes C. 15-20 minutes D. 25 minutes

C. 15-20 minutes

For maximum benefits, cardiorespiratory endurance episodes should be sustained for at least A. 5 minutes. B. 10 minutes. C. 20 minutes. D. 30 minutes.

C. 20 minutes.

What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain range for a normal-weight woman? A. 10-18 lbs B. 19-24 lbs C. 25-35 lbs D. 38-44 lbs

C. 25-35 lbs

What is the recommended increase in daily energy intake for the third trimester of pregnancy? A. 200 kcalories B. 300 kcalories C. 450 kcalories D. 540 kcalories

C. 450 kcalories

Viactiv is a calcium supplement available for purchase at the market. For optimal absorption of calcium supplements, it is best to take them in doses no greater than A. 100 mgs B. 200 mgs C. 500 mgs D. 800 mgs

C. 500 mgs

What is the minimum or obligatory amount of water that must be excreted each day as urine in order to carry away the body's waste products? (Key: 250 mls is approximately 1 cup) A. 100 mls B. 250 mls C. 500 mls D. 1000 mls

C. 500 mls

What is the average lifespan of red blood cells? A. Two weeks B. One month C. Four months D. Six months

C. Four months

When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted? A. Water B. Protein C. Glucose D. Fatty acids

C. Glucose

Which food provides iron in the most absorbable form (heme)? A. Rice B. Spinach C. Hambuger D. Orange Juice

C. Hambuger

Which of the following diets promote superior physical performance in athletes? A. High fat diet. B. High protein diet. C. High carbohydrate diet. D. Normal mixed diet with vitamin supplements.

C. High carbohydrate diet.