nutrition final quiz show
which BMI range is considered 'overweight'
22-29
during the second trimester, approximately how much does the fetus weigh
2lbs
what is the recommendation for carbohydrate consumption for exercise lasting over 2 hours
30-60g every 15-20mins
to support the development of the fetus, how many extra kilocalories should a pregnant woman consume during the second trimester
340 kilocalories
approximately what percentage of daily intake should come from carbohydrates
45-65%
how many extra kilocalories should a woman be consuming during the third trimester
450 kilocalories
during the first six months of breast-feeding, how many kilocalories in addition to their daily diet should mothers consume
500 kilocalories
the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusively breastfeeding for how long
6 months
what are the current exercise recommendations for weight management and weight loss, respectively
60 mins; 90 mins
today, the percentage of US adults who are overweight and obese are
67% overweight and 33% obese
what percentage of women experience morning sickness
80%
about ____% of people who lose weight through dieting gain it back, and up to 2/3 regain more than they lost
95
children are considered overweight if the BMI is greater than or equal to the ______ percentile
95th
a female is considered "overfat" when her body fat percent is
> 25%
a good snack to have 30 minutes before a soccer game could be
a banana, half a bagel, or gatorade
what is a healthy weight
a body weight that doesn't increase the risk of developing any weight-related health problems or diseases
which of the following is NOT one of the role's Leptin plays in regulating food intake a) decreases feelings of hunger b) activates Lipoprotein Lipase c) regulates fat storage d) increases hunger when fat cells shrink with weight loss
activates lipoprotein lipase
which of the following is a method a parent could use to get a child to try new fruits
add berries in yogurt, cereal, or pancakes
the hormone that is secreted by the adipocytes that functions to enhance energy expenditure and the body's response to insulin is
adiponectin
which of the following is NOT an environmental factor associated with obesity a) lack of time b) portion distortion c) sedentary lifestyle d) altered hormonal status
altered hormonal status
the desire to eat food whether or not there is physical hunger is called
appetite
which of the following is NOT recommended to help a individual who is trying to gain weight a) increase their energy intake by 500 kcals b) eat nutrient-dense foods c) avoid exercising d) include foods high in healthy fats
avoid exercising
the amount of energy expanded by the body to meet its basic physiological needs is known as
basal metabolic rate
of all the forms of energy expenditure, which of the following expends the most energy
basic metabolic rate
what process does fat undergo in order to be converted to a useable form of energy
beta-oxidation
the disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without purging is known as
binge eating disorder
which method of assessing body composition is influenced by hydration status
bioelectrical impedance analysis
the kilocalories in food are measured using a
bomb calorimeter
what is the best use of dietary protein in the athletes diet
building and repairing muscle
________ is the eating disorder characterized by consuming large quantities of food and then purging through vomiting, laxative and diuretic use, and/or excessive physical exercise
bulimia nervosa
which nutrients should be emphasized if a child follows a vegetarian and/or vegan diet
calcium, vitamin b12, and iron
young children are active and need to be adequately hydrated. Which of these beverages is NOT appropriate
capri sun
what macronutrient(s) should be consumed within the first 2 hours after exercise
carbohydrate and protein
the primary source of fuel for the body during high-intensity exercise is
carbohydrates
which nutrient is the pain source of energy during high intensity activities
carbohydrates
the component of fitness that allows individuals to sustain exercise for a longer period of time is
cardiorespiratory endurance
the hormones that stimulate satiety and are secreted by the small intestine are ________ and ________
cholecystokinin (CKK); peptide YY (PYY)
how should a pregnant woman manage heart burn
consume small frequent meals
which dietary factor increases the thermic effect or food
consuming a high protein meal
obesity is strongly correlated to several leading causes of death, including all except a. heart disease b. type 2 diabetes c. cancer d. osteoporosis
d. osteoporosis
which of the following lifestyle changes promote the greatest weight loss a) diet only b) diet and exercise c) exercise only d) diet, exercise, and quitting smoking
diet and exercise
this measures the energy expended by the body, obtained by assessing heat loss
direct calorimetry
An infant ________ his or her birth weight by about 6 months of age and ________ it by the age of 12 months.
doubles; triples
which factors determine the rate in which glycogen is used by the muscle
duration and intensity of the exercise
which of the following is NOT one of the components of physical fitness a) cardiorespiratory endurance b) muscular endurance c) flexibility d) body composition e) training
e. training
which of the following dietary habits will remove satiety
eating foods high in protein and eating fruits and vegetables
what hormone is responsible for a heightened sense of smell during pregnancy
estrogen
what should a pregnant woman do to resolve constipation
exercise daily and drink at least 9 cups of fluid
an ineffective method to lose weight or maintain weight is
fad diets
true or false: RED-S only affects female athletes
false
poor body image is very common among the adolescent population. All of the following encourage this negative behavior except a) broadcast media. b) magazines. c) peer pressure. d) family meal time. e) competitive sports.
family meal time
which of the following is an example of NEAT a) fidgeting b) running c) sleeping d) digesting
fidgeting
________ is the range of motion around a joint and is improved with stretching; it also reduces the likelihood of injury during athletics
flexability
HAES is a movement that
focuses on weight inclusivity and rejects body shaming, shifts focus from weight management to health promotion, and sports finding ways to exercise that bring you joy
what three nutrients need to be increased during the first trimester
folate, iron, and zinc
which nutrient should be consumed in adequate amounts before conception to hep prevent neural tube defects
folic acid
which medical approach to weight has been shown to result in the greatest weight loss and keeping the weight off over time
gastric bypass surgery
tami went cycling for 2½ hours and is very thirsty. Which of the following drinks is the most appropriate during her ride
gatorade
how does regular exercise improve body composition
generally, people who exercise have less abdominal fat
which of the following is an example of how genetics influences weight management
genetics influences the regulation and function of hormones such as leptin and ghrelin
________ and ________ both play a big role, with environmental factors often leading to over-consumption of kilocalories and participation in too little physical activity
genetics; environment
which hormone is secreted by the empty stomach to indicate hunger to the brain
ghrelin
individuals who are obese are likely to
have drug and alcohol related problems
pregnant women should avoid hot tubs, saunas, and steam rooms and why
high body temperature causes the mothers blood pressure to decline
individuals should participate in regular exercise because it
improves the immune system
rather than encourage weight loss among children, what recommendation(s) would be appropriate
increase physical activity and add fruits and vegetables to the diet
which of the following is NOT a contributor to overconsumption kilocalories in obese children
increased mealtimes with family
android obesity
increases risk for heart disease
what is a limitation of using BMI to assess weight status
individuals with high muscle mass may be classified as overweight or obese
during adolescence, ________ requirements double for females due to the onset of their menstrual cycles and to support growth
iron
which mineral contributes to constipation
iron
what two minerals are of concern with intense exercise
iron and calcium
school aged children should eat breakfast because
it is associated with a healthier body weight and it improves cognitive function and academic performance.
research has shown that moderate physical activity reduces the chance of cardiovascular disease. In what two ways does this occur
it lowers blood pressure and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)
a benefit to declaring obesity as a disease is
it may make it easier to obtain insurance coverage for treatment
what does the leptin hormone do
lets your body know when you're full
negative energy balance will result in
loss of glycogen, muscle loss, and fat loss
what is the composition of colostrum? all are correct except a) lots of fat b) protein. c) vitamin A. d) minerals. e) antibodies.
lots of fat
anorexia nervosa is characterized by severe weight loss and self-starvation. One of the most dangerous consequences of this eating disorder isa) low albumin.b) elevated blood glucose.c) low blood potassium
low blood potassium
Harris-Benedict Equation
male: BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 * weight in kg) + (5.003 * height in cm) - (6.75 * age) female: RMR 655.1 + (9.6 weight in kg) + (1.8 height in cm) - (4.7 age in years)
s the ability to exert force over a long period of time without fatigue. Cheerleaders and ballet dancers demonstrate this type of strength
muscular endurance
an individual who performs a low number of repetitions with heavier weights and longer rest periods is improving his or her ________
muscular strength
the greatest disadvantage for using weight loss drugs to induce weight loss is
negative side effects
what is the best response for a parent when a child has a food jag
offer a variety of foods in the preferred food group
the rule of thumb for estimating portions for toddlers is
one tablespoon per year of age
the weight loss drug that prevents fat from being absorbed by the small intestine is
orilistat
being underweight increases the risk of developing which of the following conditions
osteoporosis
the hormone ________ stimulates contractions in the uterus, which helps the organ return to its pre-pregnancy size and shape.
oxytocin
this hormone allows the milk to be released in letdown, so the infant can receive it through the nipple
oxytocin
the strongest predictor of adulthood obesity is
parental obesity
almost half of ________ is accumulated during adolescence
peak bone mass
a common trait of people with eating disorders is
perfectionism
eating nonfood substances such as dirt and clay is called
pica
this term describes craving of cravings of clay, laundry detergent, dirt, or other non-food substances
pica
the organ that allows nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to be exchanged between a mother and fetus is the
placenta
When energy intake is greater than energy expended, the result is
positive energy balance
gestational diabetes typically manifests itself around the 20th week. What are the factors that increase risk of gestational diabetes
previous macrocosmic baby
what are the top three signs of heat exhaustion
profuse sweating, fatigue, and thirst
the hormone ________ causes milk to be produced in the breast
prolactin
which macronutrient is considered the most satiating
protein
adolescents need adequate amounts of ________, ________, and ________ to support rapid growth
protein; calcium; iron
according to Ellen Satter, the parents responsibility when feeding a child is to
provide healthy and nutritious foods and determine when and where they are offered
which of the following is prevented from crossing over into the fetus by the placenta
red blood cells
in order to encourage healthy eating habits in children, caregivers should aim to
serve as role models buy serving healthy foods
a weight-control theory states that each individual has a genetically established body weight; any deviation from this point will stimulate changes in body metabolism to reestablish the normal weight. This is known as
set point
the primary source of extra kilocalories contributing to childhood obesity is
soda, candy, and potato chips
what foods are good to eat after exercise
sports drinks and energy bars
what is the role of ghrelin in the body
stimulate hunger
which of the following fish is considered high in mercury
swordfish
which of the following factors results in a higher BMR a) starvation b) greater percentage of body fat c) increased age d) taller stature
tailer stature
Compared to toddlers and preschoolers, school-aged children
tend to be less hungry
the time in pregnancy when rapid cellular activity is highly vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies, toxins, and other insults is known as
the critical period
when an individual exercises, the amino acids from dietary protein are used
to build and repair muscle and as an energy source
overweight individuals tend to have higher blood levels of
triglycerides and LDLs
True or false: Populations who are genetically prone to being overweight or obese have no control over the amount of weight they will gain in their lifetime.
true
true or false: osteoporosis can be prevented through daily weight-bearing activity
true
true or false: people of any body size can suffer from anorexia
true
true or false: restricting food and dieting are examples of disordered eating
true
true or false: savoring your food and putting your fork down between bites can help promote mindful eating
true
true: exercise helps control blood glucose because it decreases insulin sensitivity, therefore reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes
true
what diseases are eliminated in the majority of individuals who have has gastric bypass surgery
type 1 diabetes and hypertension
obese children have an increased risk of developing ________ in adulthood
type 2 diabetes
on a shopping trip, have children pick out a new produce item for the family meal. This is a great way to implement ________ in family meals.
variety
the two regions of the brain that control eating behaviors are
ventromedial nucleus and hypothalamus
individuals who have had gastric bypass surgery require supplementation of the nutrients
vitamin b12, iron, and calcium
toddlers need to increase their intake of all of the following nutrients except a) calcium. b) iron. c) vitamin D. d) fiber. e) vitamin C.
vitamin c
the two vitamins that may help prevent free radical damage caused by exercise are
vitamin c and vitamin e
which of the following does NOT contribute to the "energy in" part of the energy balance equation a) carbohydrates b) alcohol c) water d) fat
water
the recommendation for exercise is about 30 minutes of moderate activity per day. All of the following types of exercise are appropriate during the second trimester except
weight lifting
maintaining body weight within a healthy range is known as
weight management
which of the following foods is NOT a choking hazard
well cooked vegetables
waist circumference is an easy way to assess body composition. Women and men are at increased health risk if their waist measurements are what
woman > 35 inches man > 40 inches
the acronym WIC stands for
women, infants, and children
what is the term used to describe a fertilized egg prior to the first cleavage (which occurs at approximately 72 hours)
zygote
which of the following is the correct order the stages of development in the first trimester
zygote, preembryo, embryo
what is the RDA for protein for the average adult
0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight
the third trimester is when weight gain is most noticeable. how much weight gain is expected?
1 pound per week
how many kilocalories should toddlers consume daily
1,000-4,000
individuals who primarily participate in resistance and strength activities may need to consume as much protein as ________
1.6 to 1.7 grams per kilogram of body weight
the thermic effect of food contributes approximately _________ of the total kilocalories expanded
10%
a reasonable weight loss goal is
10% of body weight over 6 months
a child may need to be exposed to a food as much as _________ times before he or she will accept it
10-15
approximately how many milligrams of calcium is required to support adolescent growth
1300mg
use the Harris-Benedict equation to calculate the estimated energy needs for a 27-year-old female. She is 64 inches tall and weighs 140 pounds
1430 kcals
how much weight (in pounds) should a healthy woman gain during the first trimester
2
the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents limit screen time to
2 hours per day
how much fluid should an athlete consume after fishing exercise
2 to 3 cups for every pound of body weight lost