Nutrition: Food is more than something to eat

how many kcals in 1 gram of carbs

4 kcal

how many kcals in 1 gram of protein

4 kcal

how many kcals in 10 grams of carbs?

40 kcal 10 g x 4kcal = 40 kcal

how many kcals in 5 grams of fat

45 kcal 5 g x 9 kcal = 45 kcal

what is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram if carbohydrate?

5 kcal 1 gram of fat has 9kcal - 1 gram of carbs has 4kcal = 5kcal

how many kcals in 1 gram of alcohol

7 kcal

how many kcals in 1 gram of fat?

9 kcal

Empty-Calorie foods supply most of their calories from what?

Alcohol, added sugar, unhealthy fats

Which of the following foods would be considered nutrient dense? (Multiple) Cola-type drink Broccoli Candy bar Whole grain cereal

Broccoli and whole grain cereal

functions of lipids

Source of energy (fats), cellular development, physical growth and development, regulation of body processes, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Functions of carbohydrates

Source of energy (most forms)

The most natural and economical way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals is to base your diet on a ____ of Whole Foods.

Variety

Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?

Water

one factor that can influence your daily food choices is what?

advertising

a nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a what?

an essential nutrient

what is quercetin health benefits

antioxidant effects, may inhibit cancer growth

what protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?

antioxidants

what would provide the best source of phytochemicals? apples oats onions chicken

apples, oats, onions

no single nutrient can cure what?

cancer

common metric prefixes that indicate a fraction of a meter are?

deci and centi

when a nutrient is missing or deficient in a diet, a ____ disease develops.

deficiency

metabolic reactions are involved in what?

eliminating waste products, generating energy, and making proteins

true or false: Phytochemicals are non nutrients that always provide healthful benefits

false: not always healthy only sometimesw

what are the top 2 leading causes of death in the US?

heart disease and cancer

amount of energy in foods is reported as what?

kilocalories or calories

a person's way of living is called their what?

lifestyle

organic nutrients include what?

lipids, carbs, vitamins

both over-nutrition and undernutrition are examples of what?

malnutrition

the state of health when the body is improperly nourished is called what?

malnutrition

what is saponins health benefits

may kill certain microbes

the sum of all the chemical reactions that provide energy for the body to perform work is what?

metabolism

most foods contain mixtures of what?

nutrients

our body needs ___ in foods to function properly.

nutrients

___ is the study of how the body uses nutrients.

nutrition

food sources of beta carotene

orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables

nutrients that have carbon in their structures are called what?

organic nutrients

carbs, fats, and proteins are considered macronutrients because why?

our body needs them in large amounts on a daily basis

what are alpha-carotene's health benefits

reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

a personal characteristic that increases a person's chance of developing a disease is called what?

risk factor

the leading cause of preventable death in the US is what?

smoking cigerettes

which of these foods would be considered a provider of empty calories? soda pound cake whole grain bread green beans alcohol

soda, pound cake, alcohol

food sources of isoflavonoids

soybeans and legumes

what is caffeine's health benefits

stimulant effects

examples of life threatening and chronic diseases resulting from a poor diet

stroke, heart disease, diabetes

nutrient toxicity may result from what?

taking a high dose of dietary supplements

food courses of caffeine

tea, coffee, cocoa

a food is bad for you if it contains what

toxic substances, harmful bacteria, or viruses

True or false: Most commonly eaten foods contain safe levels of micronutrients?

true

true or false: a kilo calorie is equal to 1000 calories

true

what are the major classes of essential nutrients?

water, carbs, lipids

which of the following nutrients are considered essential? water iron glucose cholesterol

water, iron, glucose

a person can individualize their diet by what?

their lifestyle, budget, and food preferences

____ is considered the most essential nutrient?

water

how many centimeters are there in a meter

100

how many kcals in 4 grams of protein

16 kcal 4 g x 4kcal = 16 kcal

Obtaining adequate amounts of nutrients while balancing calorie intake with expenditure is called what?

Balance

What can help ensure nutritional adequacy in a diet? (Multiple) Balance Eating only fruits and vegetables Moderation Variety

Balance, moderation, variety

When would it be appropriate for people to take specific nutrient supplements?

Chronically ill patients, digestive disorders that interfere with nutrient absorption, and older adults who may need higher amounts of a nutrient than what is found in food

One of the benefits of learning about nutrition is becoming a more educated ____ of nutrition-related information.

Consumer

The energy value of a food in relation to its weight is called what?

Energy density

functions of water

Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, transportation of substances, participant in many chemical reactions

what is the substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits?

Phytochemicals

functions of protiens

Production of structural and functional components; cellular development, growth, and maintenance; regulation of body processes; immune function; fluid balance; source of energy

functions of minerals

Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance; formation of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various substances and tissues; necessary for physical growth, maintenance, and development

functions of vitamins

Regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, protection against agents that can damage cellular components

True or false: Not all food processing harms a food, in fact some processes makes a food safer and more confident to eat

True

what nutrient provides energy to cells?

carbohydrates

a ___ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism

cell

diseases that take many years to develop as a result of complex problems are called what?

chronic diseases

with respect to nutrient composition, young women have more ___ than young men.

fat

_____ foods are manufactured to to boost nutrient intake.

functional foods

Which food is BOTH energy dense and nutrient dense? Milk Fruits Nuts Soda

nuts

when compared to plant food, nutrient supplements don't contain a wide variety of what?

phytochemicals

examples of non-nutrients are?

phytochemicals, caffeine, alcohol

type 3 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease are chronic diseases caused by what?

poor diet

food sources of reservatrol

red wine, purple grapes, grape juice

beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene are examples of phytochemicals that may what?

reduce the risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

which of the following are micronutrients? vitamins fats minerals protiens

vitamins and minerals

a dietary supplement contains what?

vitamins, minerals, and amino acids