Nutrition: Food is more than something to eat
how many kcals in 1 gram of carbs
4 kcal
how many kcals in 1 gram of protein
4 kcal
how many kcals in 10 grams of carbs?
40 kcal 10 g x 4kcal = 40 kcal
how many kcals in 5 grams of fat
45 kcal 5 g x 9 kcal = 45 kcal
what is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram if carbohydrate?
5 kcal 1 gram of fat has 9kcal - 1 gram of carbs has 4kcal = 5kcal
how many kcals in 1 gram of alcohol
7 kcal
how many kcals in 1 gram of fat?
9 kcal
Empty-Calorie foods supply most of their calories from what?
Alcohol, added sugar, unhealthy fats
Which of the following foods would be considered nutrient dense? (Multiple) Cola-type drink Broccoli Candy bar Whole grain cereal
Broccoli and whole grain cereal
functions of lipids
Source of energy (fats), cellular development, physical growth and development, regulation of body processes, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Functions of carbohydrates
Source of energy (most forms)
The most natural and economical way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals is to base your diet on a ____ of Whole Foods.
Variety
Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?
Water
one factor that can influence your daily food choices is what?
advertising
a nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a what?
an essential nutrient
what is quercetin health benefits
antioxidant effects, may inhibit cancer growth
what protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?
antioxidants
what would provide the best source of phytochemicals? apples oats onions chicken
apples, oats, onions
no single nutrient can cure what?
cancer
common metric prefixes that indicate a fraction of a meter are?
deci and centi
when a nutrient is missing or deficient in a diet, a ____ disease develops.
deficiency
metabolic reactions are involved in what?
eliminating waste products, generating energy, and making proteins
true or false: Phytochemicals are non nutrients that always provide healthful benefits
false: not always healthy only sometimesw
what are the top 2 leading causes of death in the US?
heart disease and cancer
amount of energy in foods is reported as what?
kilocalories or calories
a person's way of living is called their what?
lifestyle
organic nutrients include what?
lipids, carbs, vitamins
both over-nutrition and undernutrition are examples of what?
malnutrition
the state of health when the body is improperly nourished is called what?
malnutrition
what is saponins health benefits
may kill certain microbes
the sum of all the chemical reactions that provide energy for the body to perform work is what?
metabolism
most foods contain mixtures of what?
nutrients
our body needs ___ in foods to function properly.
nutrients
___ is the study of how the body uses nutrients.
nutrition
food sources of beta carotene
orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables
nutrients that have carbon in their structures are called what?
organic nutrients
carbs, fats, and proteins are considered macronutrients because why?
our body needs them in large amounts on a daily basis
what are alpha-carotene's health benefits
reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
a personal characteristic that increases a person's chance of developing a disease is called what?
risk factor
the leading cause of preventable death in the US is what?
smoking cigerettes
which of these foods would be considered a provider of empty calories? soda pound cake whole grain bread green beans alcohol
soda, pound cake, alcohol
food sources of isoflavonoids
soybeans and legumes
what is caffeine's health benefits
stimulant effects
examples of life threatening and chronic diseases resulting from a poor diet
stroke, heart disease, diabetes
nutrient toxicity may result from what?
taking a high dose of dietary supplements
food courses of caffeine
tea, coffee, cocoa
a food is bad for you if it contains what
toxic substances, harmful bacteria, or viruses
True or false: Most commonly eaten foods contain safe levels of micronutrients?
true
true or false: a kilo calorie is equal to 1000 calories
true
what are the major classes of essential nutrients?
water, carbs, lipids
which of the following nutrients are considered essential? water iron glucose cholesterol
water, iron, glucose
a person can individualize their diet by what?
their lifestyle, budget, and food preferences
____ is considered the most essential nutrient?
water
how many centimeters are there in a meter
100
how many kcals in 4 grams of protein
16 kcal 4 g x 4kcal = 16 kcal
Obtaining adequate amounts of nutrients while balancing calorie intake with expenditure is called what?
Balance
What can help ensure nutritional adequacy in a diet? (Multiple) Balance Eating only fruits and vegetables Moderation Variety
Balance, moderation, variety
When would it be appropriate for people to take specific nutrient supplements?
Chronically ill patients, digestive disorders that interfere with nutrient absorption, and older adults who may need higher amounts of a nutrient than what is found in food
One of the benefits of learning about nutrition is becoming a more educated ____ of nutrition-related information.
Consumer
The energy value of a food in relation to its weight is called what?
Energy density
functions of water
Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, transportation of substances, participant in many chemical reactions
what is the substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits?
Phytochemicals
functions of protiens
Production of structural and functional components; cellular development, growth, and maintenance; regulation of body processes; immune function; fluid balance; source of energy
functions of minerals
Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance; formation of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various substances and tissues; necessary for physical growth, maintenance, and development
functions of vitamins
Regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, protection against agents that can damage cellular components
True or false: Not all food processing harms a food, in fact some processes makes a food safer and more confident to eat
True
what nutrient provides energy to cells?
carbohydrates
a ___ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism
cell
diseases that take many years to develop as a result of complex problems are called what?
chronic diseases
with respect to nutrient composition, young women have more ___ than young men.
fat
_____ foods are manufactured to to boost nutrient intake.
functional foods
Which food is BOTH energy dense and nutrient dense? Milk Fruits Nuts Soda
nuts
when compared to plant food, nutrient supplements don't contain a wide variety of what?
phytochemicals
examples of non-nutrients are?
phytochemicals, caffeine, alcohol
type 3 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease are chronic diseases caused by what?
poor diet
food sources of reservatrol
red wine, purple grapes, grape juice
beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene are examples of phytochemicals that may what?
reduce the risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
which of the following are micronutrients? vitamins fats minerals protiens
vitamins and minerals
a dietary supplement contains what?
vitamins, minerals, and amino acids