Nutrition for Healthy Living Chapter 1

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megadose

10 times the recommended amount of a vitamin or mineral; can produce unpleasant or toxic side effects

lifestyle

a person's way of living; includes dietary practices, physical activity, use of drugs and alcohol, etc.

physiological dose

amount of a nutrient that is w/in range of safe intake & enables the body to function optimally

phytochemicals

compounds made by plants that are not nutrients

nutrient-dense

describes food or beverage that has more vit. and min. in relation to its energy value; ex: banana

empty-calorie

describes food or beverage that is poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value (ex: twinkie- it has calories, but not the good kinds so its "empty" calories, don't give you nutrients)

energy density

energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight

kilocalorie or Calorie

heat energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 liter of water 1˚ C; a measure of food energy

nutrients

life-sustaining substances in food; necessary for proper body functioning. ESSENTIAL: must come from food (PRO, CHO, fats, vitamins, etc.). NONESSENTIAL: provides calories but not needed to survive (alcohol)

dietary supplements

nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products; supplements the diet by increasing total intake

macronutrients

nutrients needed in gram amounts daily & that provide energy; carbohydrates (CHO), proteins (PRO), and fats (FATS)

moderation

obtaining enough nutrients from food to meet one's needs while avoiding excessive amounts & balancing calorie intake w/ calorie expenditure

risk factor

personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease (ex: a risk factor would be heart disease in your family)

food insecurity

situation in which families or individs are concerned about running out of food or not having enough money for next meal

cell

smallest living functional unit in an organism (like in a human)

deficiency disease

state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet

malnutrition

state of health when the body is improperly nourished; improperly obtaining or not obtaining one or more essential nutrients

chemistry

study of the composition & characteristics of matter & changes that can occur to it

antioxidant

substance that protects other compounds/cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors

genetic modification

techniques that alter an organism's DNA; changes the FOOD; controversial, do not know side effects yet, but help the farmers and vendors make more $$

nutrition

the SCIENCE of how nutrients affect our body and how the body uses these substances

undernutrition

too little nutrients

overnutrition

too much nutrients (overweight)

metabolism

total of all chemical processes that take place in living cells; keeps our body functioning

diet

usual pattern of food choices

micronutrients

vitamins and minerals (types of vit: water soluble, fat (lipid) soluble) (types of min: macro minerals, micro minerals)


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