Nutrition for Healthy Living Chapter 1
megadose
10 times the recommended amount of a vitamin or mineral; can produce unpleasant or toxic side effects
lifestyle
a person's way of living; includes dietary practices, physical activity, use of drugs and alcohol, etc.
physiological dose
amount of a nutrient that is w/in range of safe intake & enables the body to function optimally
phytochemicals
compounds made by plants that are not nutrients
nutrient-dense
describes food or beverage that has more vit. and min. in relation to its energy value; ex: banana
empty-calorie
describes food or beverage that is poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value (ex: twinkie- it has calories, but not the good kinds so its "empty" calories, don't give you nutrients)
energy density
energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight
kilocalorie or Calorie
heat energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 liter of water 1˚ C; a measure of food energy
nutrients
life-sustaining substances in food; necessary for proper body functioning. ESSENTIAL: must come from food (PRO, CHO, fats, vitamins, etc.). NONESSENTIAL: provides calories but not needed to survive (alcohol)
dietary supplements
nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products; supplements the diet by increasing total intake
macronutrients
nutrients needed in gram amounts daily & that provide energy; carbohydrates (CHO), proteins (PRO), and fats (FATS)
moderation
obtaining enough nutrients from food to meet one's needs while avoiding excessive amounts & balancing calorie intake w/ calorie expenditure
risk factor
personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease (ex: a risk factor would be heart disease in your family)
food insecurity
situation in which families or individs are concerned about running out of food or not having enough money for next meal
cell
smallest living functional unit in an organism (like in a human)
deficiency disease
state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet
malnutrition
state of health when the body is improperly nourished; improperly obtaining or not obtaining one or more essential nutrients
chemistry
study of the composition & characteristics of matter & changes that can occur to it
antioxidant
substance that protects other compounds/cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors
genetic modification
techniques that alter an organism's DNA; changes the FOOD; controversial, do not know side effects yet, but help the farmers and vendors make more $$
nutrition
the SCIENCE of how nutrients affect our body and how the body uses these substances
undernutrition
too little nutrients
overnutrition
too much nutrients (overweight)
metabolism
total of all chemical processes that take place in living cells; keeps our body functioning
diet
usual pattern of food choices
micronutrients
vitamins and minerals (types of vit: water soluble, fat (lipid) soluble) (types of min: macro minerals, micro minerals)