Nutrition in Health: Chapter 12: Trace Minerals

The mechanism by which chromium influence cholesterol metabolism is not known

True

Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum?

trace essential

Select food sources of selenium that could be consumed by a vegan,

-Brazil nuts -baked beans

Which of the following are functions of zinc?

-Cofactor for hundreds of enzymes -DNA synthesis

What is the function of Chromium?

-Enhance the effect of insulin -Glucose regulation

Which of the following minerals are trace minerals?

-Manganese -Copper -Iron

Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body but since their roles are not clear, they have not been classified as essential nutrients?

-Vanadium -Arsenic -Nickel

Select food sources for chromium.

-Whole-grain Bread -Potatoes -Broccoli

Select rich food sources of zinc

-bake beans -beef roast -oysters

Zinc is readily found in which of the following foods?

-baked beans -roast beef

Manganese supports enzymes that assist in

-bone formation -metabolism -wound healing

Which of the following foods contain goitrogens?

-cabbage -cauliflower -brussels sprouts

Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because

-it is not require for growth -it does not sustain life

Exceeding the UL for zinc may result in

-lowered HDL cholesterol levels -depressed immune system function -diarrhea

To prevent dental fluorosis children should

-rinse with water after brushing teeth -use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste -spit out excess fluid

Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine?

-seaweed -milk -saltwater fish

Which of the following are good sources of copper?

-seeds -organ meats -whole grains

What are causes of fluorosis in children?

-swallowing dental rinses -swallowing toothpaste

Choose the functions of iron

-wound healing -immune function -growth -energy metabolism -reproduction

What is the best food source for iodine?

Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp

What is the adult RDA for iodide?

150 mcg/day

What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?

18 mg/day

The UL for zinc is _____ mg per day.

40

The UL for selenium is ________ug/day.

400

The UL for selenium is ______ug / day

400

The male RDA for iron is _____ and the female (between 19 and 20 years of age) RDA for iron is _____.

8 mg/day; 18 mg/day

In what country was Zinc deficiency first discovered?

Iran

Conclusive evidence suggests that selenium, an antioxidant, has been show to significantly reduce the risk of cancer.

False

________ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.

Ferritin

Which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient?

Fluoride

_________ can remineralize the tooth surface and prevent cavities.

Fluoride

_________ is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiency.

Goiter

Evidence is inconclusive on the role of selenium-rich diets in lowering risk for which of the following?

Heart disease Cancer

________ is necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function

Iron

________ is an important activator of many enzymes that play roles in would healing, metabolism, bone and cartilage formation and antioxidant function.

Manganese

What is the main source of heme iron?

Meat

Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase?

Molybdenum

If an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood developing goiter?

San Diego, CA

What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?

The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption

Select the primary function of iodine

Thyroid hormone synthesis

Fluoridated water over a lifetime may reduce a person's likelihood of tooth decay by 25%.

True

Trace minerals that have yet to have clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.

True

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving

Tuna, 3 oz

Zinc is necessary for which of the following?

Wound healing

Chromium levels in plant foods

are reflective of chromium content in the soil

Chromium is important for the metabolism and storage of _______.

carbohydrate lipid protein

Thyroid hormone controls the rate of ____ metabolism.

cellular

John just found out that he has impaired glucose tolerance and elevated blood cholesterol. Which mineral could John be deficient in?

chromium

Adding fluoride to water can safely prevent_________.

dental caries

Recall that selenium is a component of several

enzymes

Cavities can be prevented by consuming _______.

fluoride

Using a pea-sized amount of toothpaste,rinsing with water and spitting out excess fluid when brushing teeth will help prevent dental _______.

fluorosis

Match the term with its best definition heme iron nonheme iron

heme iron- iron found in meat that is efficiently absorbed nonheme iron- iron that is not absorbed efficiently; found in meat, vegetables, grains, supplements, and fortified or enriched foods

Consuming high amounts of the _______ from or arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer.

inorganic

Consuming high amounts of the ________ form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer.

inorganic

Food crops that acquire arsenic from which of the following sources poses the greatest health risk?

insecticides

Zinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened breads. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency was

meat

Americans typically consume _____ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for copper.

more

Americans typically consume ______ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for copper.

more than

Soy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds that

reduce thyroid production

Selenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______.

selenoproteins

Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as _______.

selenosis

Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as ________.

selnosis

Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodine?

young American women

Choose the minerals that are classified as trace minerals

zinc iron selenium copper