Nutrition Midterm: chapters 1-6

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven."

Which of the following statements is a health claim that FDA allows on a food package?

-"Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect." - "While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of this disease."

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

-Consuming St. John's wort to improve mood -Visiting a chiropractor to have a spinal treatment

Experimental study

-helps have info about health conditions (outcomes) that may result from specific dietary practices. - division of large groups into treatment and without treatment.

Daily intake:

1. Carbohydrate= 280-400 grams per day. 2. protein = 63-218 grams per day 3. fat = 56-97 grams per day 4. grains = 9-10 oz 5. Dairy = 3 cups. 6. Veggies = 3.5-4 cups 7. Fruits = 2-2.5

There are six classes of nutrients:

1. Carbohydrates 2. Fats & others lipids (young women carry more fat than young men) 3. Proteins (young women have less protein than young men) 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water (young women have less water than young men)

Arrange digestive system components in the order that they function for digestion, absorption, and elimination.

1. Mouth and salivary glands 2. Stomach 3. Small intestine 4. Colon 5. Rectum

Right order during process of digestion and absorption:

1. Stomach 2. Pyloric sphincter 3. Duodenum 4. Jejunum 5. Ileum

In the U.S. poor eating habits contribute to several leading causes of death, such as

1. heart disease 2. types of cancer 3. stroke 4. type 2 diabetes

Table sugar is nearly _____ carbohydrate.

100%

What is the 1st and 2nd leading cause of death?

1st - heart disease 2nd - cancer

According to MyPlate, Felicia should consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. How much cottage cheese should she eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

2 cups

Three-year-old Amanda does not like to drink milk, but she loves pudding made with fat-free milk. According to MyPlate, Amanda should consume 2 cups of dairy products daily. To meet this recommendation, Amanda can consume ____ of pudding daily.

2 cups

According to MyPlate, Donovan should consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. Which of the following foods should he eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

2 oz American cheese

According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, most healthy people who are less than 51 years of age should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg/day.

2300

Over _______ of the dry weight of a locust is a _________.

60% and protein

Normal conditions of PH are

7.35-7.45, which are alkaline.

What indicates ranges of carbohydrates, fat, and protein intakes that provide adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals and may reduce risk of diet--- related chronic diseases.

AMDR

Many people in part of ________ eat locusts.

Africa

Who is likely to eat, Boiled mustard green that are seasoned with bits of smoked pork?

African

Match the enzyme to its action in carbohydrate digestion

Amylase: begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth Lactase: breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose Maltase: breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose Sucrase: breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose

_____________ can evoke allergic and inflammatory responses that often result in signs and symptoms of skin, sinus, or respiratory illnesses.

Botanical products

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?

By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels.

What is a Fructooligosaccharides?

Compound in some foods that may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the human intestinal tract

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index?

Corn Flakes cereal, baked potato

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

DVs

Digestible carbohydrates vs. non digestible carbohydrates

Digestible carbohydrates are amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen. Non digestible carbohydrates are cellulose, gums, pectin's, and mucilage's.

Difference between a Direct (positive) and Inverse (negative) correlation?

Direct (+) - variables change in the same direction, both increasing. Inverse (-) - one variable increases and the other decreases. Both go opposite direction.

The population intake or sugar-sweetened soft drinks increases. This demonstrates percentage of overweight people in that population increases. What type of correlation is this?

Direct (positive) correlation

What do many Americans take because they think it boosts immune system functioning and prevents the common cold?

Echinacea.

____________ is energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight.

Energy density is energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight.

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.

Epidemiological

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

What does the first amendment to the U.S constitution guarantee?

Freedom from press and freedom of speech, so people can provide nutrition info that is not true. However, does not protect consumers with freedom from nutrition misinformation or false nutrition claims.

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

Gingko biloba

this person will not eat beef but will consume dairy products.

Hindu religion

Where is under-nutrition only seen?

In developing countries.

This person will not eat pork or drink alcoholic beverages.

Islamic tradition.

Who is likely to eat, sliced eggplant cooked in tomato sauce, drizzled with olive oil, and served with red wine?

Italians

This person will not eat pork, shellfish, or other "tref" food items.

Jewish traditions.

___________ refers to a procedure concerning killing, butchering, and preparation activities that makes food acceptable for the religions followers to eat.

Kosher

What is the difference between a macro and micro nutrient?

Macro nutrient: Nutrients required in grams per day Carbohydrate Fat Energy-yielding nutrient Micro-nutrient: Nutrients required in milligrams or micrograms per day Vitamins Minerals non-energy-yielding nutrient

This person avoids beverages that contain alcohol and caffeine.

Mormon religion

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use?

MyPlate

Who is likely to eat, Pork roast, mashed white poratoes and gravy, white bread and butter?

Northwestern European

What do Americans not reach intake recommendations of? and what do they exceed intake of?

Not enough intake of fruit, veggies, whole grain, and fat-free or low-fat milk. Exceeds intake of sugar, sold fat, and sodium.

Function of a protein:

Production of structural components (such as cell membranes) & Functional components (such as enzymes)

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy?

Protein

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

This person fasts before communion.

Roman catholic religion

Soluble vs insoluble fibers

Soluble: oatmeal, citrus fruit, apples, carrots, and beans. Insoluble: whole grain bread, brown rice.

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?

Stir-fry made with chicken, broccoli, rice, green peas, and soy sauce

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year scientific study to investigate lifestyle factors that contribute to heart disease. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal

Which of the following practices is most likely to result in a vitamin toxicity disorder?

Taking mega-doses of various vitamin supplements daily

What is the difference between the treatment and control group?

Treatment is receives a treatment. The control group does not receive treatment.

What experiment uses whole living organisms? Ex. mice experiment

Vivo experiment.

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

WIC

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?

When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk of bone fractures decreases.

Which of foods has the highest glycemic load per serving?

White rice, boiled

Whole, enriched, and refined grains.

Whole grain: has entire grain seed, high fiber, and contains the germ, endosperm, and bran. Enriched grain : has riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, and folic acid added, and has iron added. Refined Grain: has been milled, reduced amounts of B vitamins.

Which of the following is the best source of soluble fiber?

Whole-grain oat cereal

Carotenoids can be?

a bata-carotene, which are orange, red, and yellow druits and veggies that reduce risks of certain cancers.

What is a pattern of food choices?

a diet

What is an anecdote?

a report of a personal experience.

What is a conventional wisdom?

a traditional belief

Irritable bowel syndrome has symptoms of

abdominal cramps, loose stools, and mucus in stools.

Villi is a tiny, finger like projection of the small intestine that __________________.

absorbs nutrients

A salt forms when an ______ combines with a ________.

acid; base

Difference between an acid and base

acids lose H+ when dissolved in water, and bases are the substances that remove and accept H+ when dissolved in water.

In 2010, Americans ate more ____ than in 1970.

added sugars & total calories

Sodium acetate is a salt, a substance that form when

an acid reacts with a base

What molecule catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction?

an enzyme

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an

anecdote

A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a(n)

antioxidant

EER

average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person who is maintaining his or her weight. This is used to evaluate someones energy intake

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is

baking soda solution

Why does an essential nutrient need to be supplied by food?

because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs.

Protein includes...

beef, pork, lamb, fish, shellfish, liver, and poultry. Beans, eggs, nuts, and seeds are included with this group because these proteins can substitute for meats.

How does sucrose change the configuration (shape) of sucrase?

binding to active site of the enzyme

Data is

bits of information

What may increase blood pressure and cause a stroke?

bitter orange

Chylomicron transports lipids in the ____________

bloodstream.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

brain *Gallbladder, liver, pancreas are*

Digestive system

breakdown large food molecules into smaller components.

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

Which of the following topics is one of the four key components of Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010?

building healthy eating patterns

gastroesophageal reflux disease has a symptom of

burning pain in the upper chest area

Alkaloids is a ?

caffeine, which are stimulant effects founds in cocoa, coffee, and tea

MyPlate

can be individualized to meet a person's food preferences.

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia

cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth

cannot begin starch digestion

Generally, epidemiological studies

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Capsaicinoids are ?

capsaicin, which are pain-relieving properties found in chili peppers

Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.

carbohydrate

What are the primary macronutrients in grains?

carbohydrate (starch) and protein

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.

case-control

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

Jeremy would like to know the amount of vitamin C that is recommended for his life stage group. He can obtain this information by

checking the RDA table for vitamin C

Nutrient

chemicals necessary for proper funcitoning

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

chylomicrons

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

circulation of blood throughout the body

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system.

circulatory

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

citrus fruits

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored

According to a main goal of healthy people 2020, Americans should

create environments that foster good health for everyone

EAR

daily amount of the nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people who are in a particular life stage/sex group. Classified by age, sex, and whether females are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Peptic ulcers carry symptoms of

deep, dull upper abdominal pain

Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to

deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties

For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably

developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods.

Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of

diabetes mellitus

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n)

disclaimer

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from

drinking polluted water

Food guides generally do not group _____ with dairy foods.

eggs

Iron, calcium, and carbon are

elements

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

empty calories

Muscular system

enables movement to occur, and they also provide stability for the body. Muscles generate heat that maintains normal body temperature.

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

The Exchange System allows you to

estimate your protein intake

Empty-calorie is food or beverage that supplies ___________ of unhealthy solid fat, added sugars, and/or alcohol.

excessive amounts

Placebo is a

fake treatment, such as a sham pill, injection, or medical procedure. *aka as wishful thinking*

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into

fat

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrates per 4-ounce serving?

fat-free milk

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

federal trade commission (FTC)

Urinary system

filters unneeded substances from blood and maintains proper fluid balance.

What type of oil is safe but may cause diarrhea?

flaxseed oil

Peristalsis helps move?

food/chyme through the digestive tract

Organic foods

foods produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic improvement, or spoilage-killing radiation.

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

fructose

What are the monsaccharides?

fructose, glucose, galactose

Compared to 40 years ago, Americans generally consume more

fruit

Where is fructose found?

fruit, honey, and a few veggies

What are some popular ways to cook locusts?

frying with seasonings.

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose

Poor food digestion causes

gallstone formation

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

What can treat a morning sickness and some other form of nausea?

ginger

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to

give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should

give herself a specific dose of insulin.

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of _____ molecules.

glucose

______________ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells.

glucose

Which of the following substances is a polysaccharide?

glycogen

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

grapes

Whats a tissue?

group of similar cells that perform similar functions.

Petrochemicals may have what benefits?

healthful benefits

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

heart disease

Which of the following signs is associated with metabolic syndrome?

high fasting blood glucose

Bananas, jelly beans, corn flakes cereal, and plain bagel are examples of

high glycemic index

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

Chemical messengers in the body are

hormones

What is secreted in the stomach?

hydrochloric acid

Which of the following conditions is a common sign or symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes?

hyperglycemia

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Constipation

infrequent or difficult to eliminate bowel movements

________ is a hormone that enables glucose to enter cells.

insulin

A physician who uses certain CAM practices along with conventional forms of treatment is practicing:

integrative medicine

Nervous system

intellectual functions and emotional responses. and many more

Populations fruit intake increases. This demonstrates percentage of people in that population with hypertension decreases. What type of correlation is this?

inverse (negative) correlation.

A(n) _____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

ion

When an atom gains or loses one or more electron, it has an electrical charge and is called an

ion

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?

kava cures migraine headaches

Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.

ketone bodies

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of

kidney failure

Overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the stomach tract causes

lack of hydrophobic acid production

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi.

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain, fat-free milk?

lactose

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has

lactose inolerance

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning ways to manage stress effectively

____ is an example of an "empty-calorie" food.

lite beer

What organ produces bile?

liver

inability to store many nutrients causes

liver cancer

Metabolism refers to chemical processes that occur in __________ cells.

living

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

frequent choking on food causes

loss of teeth

Raw carrots, cooked spaghetti, peanuts, and low-fat vanilla ice cream are examples of ?

low glycemic index

A lacteal is a

lymph vessel within each villus

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are referred to as ___________________ because body needs large amounts (grams) of these nutrients daily.

macronutrients

Lymphatic system

maintains fluid balance, absorb soluble nutrients, and defend the body against disease.

A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will

make observations

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

meatless bean dip

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

metabolism

Vitamins and minerals are ______________ because the body needs very small amounts of them to function properly.

micronutrients

Lactose is the disaccharide in

milk

Dairy foods include

milk and products made from milk that retain their calium content after processing, such as yogurt and hard cheeses.

elements, such as calclium, iron, and potassium are __________

minerals

Two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bond form a

molecule

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

An essential nutrient

must be supplied by the diet

Double blind study

neither the investigator nor the subjects are aware of the subjects group assignments. Info is not revealed until the end of the study.

heartburn

occurs in pregnant people, smoking cigarettes, excess body fat, drinking alcohol, and consuming certain foods.

Diarrhea

occurs when more water than normal is secreted into the GI tract or the tract absorbs less water than normal.

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?

oils

In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect

older adults on fixed incomes

Where is the sucrase found in the human body?

on the microvilli of the small intestine

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

pancreas

Which food is a rich source of phytochemical?

peaches

Which of food is a energy and nutrient dense?

peanut butter

Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of

peptic ulcer

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers

Involuntary muscle contractions which move swallowed material through the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis

What is a variable?

personal characteristics or other factor that changes and can influence the outcome.

Testimonial is a

personal endorsment of a product

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos

What makes hundreds of non nutrients called phytochemicals (phyto=plants)?

plants

What is the women, infants, and children program?

pregnant or breastfeeding women receive vouchers that enable them to purchase specific food items for themselves and children.

Reproductive system

produce children

Endocrine system

produces chemical messengers called hormones.

Dietary supplement

product (excluding tobacco) that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake.

What is a quackery?

promotion of useless medical treatment.

Nutrients that provide energy are:

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Phenolics are?

quercetin, which is a Antioxidant activity from fruits, vegetables, and red wine may inhibit cancer growth and reduce heart disease risk.

Glucagon

raises blood glucose levels

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

raw carrots

What is the correlation?

relationship between variables. It occurs when two variables change over the same period.

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.

retrospective

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

retrospective study

Eating a high-salt diet increases people's chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, a diet that supplies excessive amounts of salt is a ____ for high blood pressure.

risk factor

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use?

safflower oil

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)

scare tactice

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Integumentary system

skin protects against minor injuries and diseases-causing agents, such as bacteria. Also, maintains body temperature.

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine

One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is empty calories?

soft drinks

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

soy milk

What interacts with oral contraceptives?

st. johns wort

RDA

standards for recommending daily intakes of several nutrients.

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to

stop diluting the babies formula with local well water

Case-control study

study in which people who have a health condition are compared with individuals with similar characteristics who do not have the condition.

Define Chemistry

study of the composition and characteristics of matter, and changes that occur to it.

Epidemiology

study of the occurrence, distribution, and causes of health problems in populations.

Cohort study

study that measures variables of a group of people over time.

What is another name for the brand "splenda"?

sucralose, which sweetens foods and drinks without increasing their caloric value.

Sucrase breaks:

sucrose into glucose and fructose

What the Disaccharides?

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

sugar

Alternative sweeteners are also referred to as

sugar replacers, sugar substitutes, or artificial sweeteners.

Dietitians often refer to _____ as "empty-calorie" foods.

sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following foods or beverages is the main source of added sugars in American diets?

sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Skeletal system

support, movement, and protection for the body. Bones also store minerals, and produce blood cells.

_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

sustainable agriculture

GERD

symptoms include heartburn and nausea, gagging, coughing, or hourseness. The acid reflux damages the wall of the lower esophagus and causes ulcers.

Experiment

systematic testing of hypothesis

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement hoodia for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)

testimonial

Function of a carbohydrate is:

to produce energy

In the U.S, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is _________.

tobacco use

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of testimonial. True or false?

true

Plants store glucose as starch. True or false?

true.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

unknown causes, but certain food and beverages, as well as emotional stress may trigger sever bouts of the disorder.

What does the supplemental nutrition assistance enable people with low-come to do?

use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores.

DRI

various energy and nutrient intake standards for Americans. They help reduce nutrient deficiencies and excesses, prevent disease, and achieve optimal health.

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes

vegetables

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?

vitamin D

What is the most essential nutrient?

water

Grains are made from ....

wheat, rice, and oats. Ex. pasta, noodles, and flour tortillas.

Vomiting

when vomiting center in the brain interprets information from various nervous system receptors concerning the physical and chemical conditions of their stomach, small intestine, and bloodstream

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

white rice