Nutrition Midterm

MyPlate: a) divides food into 3 categories b) illustrates the inappropriate proportions of food c) is the USDA's current food guide d) all of these are characteristics of MyPlate

Is the USDA's current food guide

Top 3 causes of death in us (stroke, cancer, heart disease) is exacerbated by:

Obesity

_____ is an important component of the bell membrane, forming a lipid bilayer: a) Cholesterol b) Phospholipid c) Saturated fatty acid d) Triglyceride

b) Phospholipid

Gram per gram, _____ provide the most kcalories a) alcohol b) carbs c) lipids d) proteins

c) lipids

Lipid that makes up most of the body is: a) cholesterol b) lecithin c) phospholipid d) triglyceride

d) triglyceride

Dietary reference intakes only concerned with the correction of nutrient deficiencies: T or F

false

Only the carbohydrates that are completely digested have an impact on health: T or F

false

Epidemiological studies determine cause-and-effect relationships: T or F

False

Which of the following statements is FALSE: a) Glucose is the main component of starch and glycogen b) Glucose is also called blood sugar c) Glucose is the most common disaccharide in our diet d) Glucose is the most important carbohydrate fuel for the body

Glucose is the most common disaccharide on our diet (glucose is a monosaccharide)

Which is not an example of moderation?

Going back for seconds

Amount of carbohydrates required to meet energy needs and prevent ketosis is ____ grams/day a) 20 b) 80 c) 130 d) 280

c) 130

All of the following increase estimated energy requirement except: a) a child who grows taller b) adding 20 minutes per day of exercise c) getting older d) adding muscle mass

c) getting older

The best description of nutrients provided by animal protein in fiber, saturated fat, and cholesterol: a) High; high; high b) Low; low; low c) High; low; low d) Low; high; high

d) Low; high; high

The current U.S diet contains a higher ration of which fatty acid than is optimal for health? a) DHA b) EPA c) Omega-3 d) Omega-6

d) Omega-6

The first location of chemical and mechanical digestion is the stomach: T or F

false

Daily value on nutrition facts based on a ____ calorie diet

2000

A deficient intake of ____ is known to produce osteoporosis

Calcium

High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease: a) chylomicron b) HDL c) LDL d) VLDL

HDL

The order and chemical properties of _____ in a polypeptide chain determine how the polypeptide fold, and thus the shape of the molecule formed a) amino acid b) carboxylic acid c) lipoproteins d) water molecules

a) amino acids

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the:

small intestine

Gary had the following blood levels (mg/100 mL): cholesterol 245, HDL 35, LDL 99. Which of these blood lipid levels put him at risk for heart disease?

Cholesterol and HDL

Following the MyPlate food guide is the healthiest plan to follow: T or F

False

High protein diets do not increase water loss: T or F

False

Kwashiorkor is an overall energy deficiency, where as marasmus is a protein deficiency:

False

MyPlate emphasizes the importance of proportionality, moderation and nutrient density, but not variety: T or F

False

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants: T or F

False (starch is the storage form of glucose in plants)

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of protein: a) chylomicron b) HDL c) LDL d) VLDL

HDL

The set of health promotion and disease prevention objective that is revised every 10 years: a) Dietary allowance b) Healthy people objective c) USdA food guidance d) U.S diet requirement

Healthy people objective

Each gram of fat from the diet contains ___ calories

9

MyPlate: a) Divides foods into 4 groups b) Illustrates the appropriate proportions of food c) Replaces dietary guidelines for Americans d) All of these

All of these

RD is a professional who a) has earned at least a bachelor degree b) has met national certification requirements c) is an excellent source of credible info d) all of these

All of these

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of cholesterol: a) chylomicron b) HDL c) LDL d) VLDL

LDL

In general plants are use ______ efficiently as animal proteins to build proteins in the human body

Less

The ____ amino acid is the essential amino acid that is available int he lowest concentration relative to the body's needs

Limiting

Correct order of steps of the scientific method

Make an observation, develop hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory

Which is not a peer-reviewed journal?

Men's health

After nutrition experiment, a report is read, analyzed, and evaluated. This process is called...

Peer review

Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties

Phytochemicals

Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid: a) Alpha-linoleic acid b) Linoleic acid c) Omega-6 d) Trans fatty acid

Trans fatty acid

Dietary supplements must carry supplement facts panel: T or F

True

Fiber retains water, thus when adequate fiber and fluids are consumed, feces have a higher water content and are more easily passed: T or F

True

Foods with high nutrient density contain more nutrients per calorie than do foods with lower nutrient density: T or F

True

Mild ketosis can occur during times of starvation or when consuming a low-carbohydrate weight-loss plan: T or F

True

Plant proteins are referred to as an incomplete dietary protein: T or F

True

Protein and amino acid supplements are rarely needed to increase protein needs: T or F

True

The current edition of the dietary guidelines for Americans focuses on balancing calorie intake with physical activity and consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages: T or F

True

The food label must indicate whether the product contains any of the most common food allergens: T or F

True

Women who have gestational diabetes at risk for developing type II diabetes later in life: T or F

True

____ is a circular muscle that acts as a valve, opening and closing to allow gastric contents to move throughout the GI tract

a sphincter

Nutrient content and health claims are approved by: a) FDA b) food manufacturer c) USDA d) US dept of public health

a) FDA

Starch and dietary fiber are classified as: a) complex carbs b) monosaccharides c) refined sugars d) simple sugars

a) complex carbs

Proteins are broken down into ______ where as fats are digested mostly into ______

amino acids; fatty acids

Which of the following is the best definition of essential nutrients a) Nutrients a person must consume to build muscle b) Nutrients a person must consume to maintain health c) Nutrients that should be taken as supplements d) Nutrients that are provided by animal foods only

b) Nutrients a person must consume to maintain health

Which type of oil is the best source of healthy, unsaturated fats: a) butter b) canola oil c) lard d) stick margarine

b) canola oil

Ex of unsaturated fatty acids include: a) coconut oil b) corn oil c) palm oil d) plant sterols

b) corn oil

If the diet is deficient in one or more of the ______ amino acids, the body must break down existing proteins to provide the amino acids

b) essential

All of the following are examples of carbs except: a) fiber b) proteins c) starches d) sugars

b) proteins

The mass of chewed food that is swallowed is called

bolus

Which of the following is false about omega-3 fatty acids? a) Fish is a good food source b) High amounts in the diet help to lower blood pressure c) High amounts in the diet can increase inflammation d) Walnuts, canola oil, and flaxseed are good food sources

c) High amounts in the diet can increase inflammation

Which of the following statements about proteins is false? a) Protein from animals better matches amino acids of humans than plant proteins b) Proteins are comprised of amino acids c) Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals d) Proteins differ based on the combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein

c) Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals

The DRI that is most commonly used to determine nutritional value of individual diets are? a) Adequate intakes b) Estimated average requirements c) Recommended dietary allowance d) Tolerable upper intake levels

c) RDA

_______ when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels: a) animal fat b) calcium c) plant sterols d) vitamin D

c) plant sterols

Highest quality plan protein source: a) black beans b) rice c) soy d) wheat germ

c) soy

All of the following are examples of lipids except: a) cholesterol b) saturated fat c) sugars d) unsaturated fat

c) sugars

The unit of measure that is used in nutrition that expresses the amount of energy provided by a food is a

calorie

According to AMDR, the majority of calories you eat should come from:

carbohydrates

Autoimmune response related to gluten intolerance is called:

celiac disease

When the epiglottis doesn't move correctly, it can lead to

choking

Dietary guidelines promote a minimum of ___ minutes of moderate exercise weekly a) 40 b) 80 c) 120 d) 150

d) 150

In nutrition, the scientific method is used to a) Develop nutrient recommendations b) Learn about the role of nutrition in promoting health and preventing disease c) Understand the functions of nutrients d) All of these choices

d) All

Plants are excellent sources of a) Fiber b) Phytochemical c) Unsaturated fats d) All of these choices

d) All

Nutrition recommendations are developed to: a) Address the nutritional concerns of the population b) Evaluate nutrient intake of population c) Help individuals meet their nutrient needs d) All of these

d) All of these

Nutrient deficiencies listed in order reflecting most quickly to least quickly a) Dehydration, osteoporosis, scurvy b) Scurvy, dehydration, osteoporosis c) Osteoporosis, dehydration, scurvy d) Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis

d) Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis

All of the following are macronutrients except: a) Carbs b) Lipids c) Protein d) Vitamins

d) Vitamins

With the exception of _____ all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body's structure: a) Carbs b) Lipids c) Minerals d) Vitamins

d) Vitamins

Which of the following statements about fortified foods is false? a) Fortification of foods began to help eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the population b) Milk with added vitamin D is an example of food fortification c) Voluntary food fortification may increase the likelihood of consuming an excess of some nutrients d) Voluntary fortification is at the discretion of federal governments

d) Voluntary fortification is at the discretion of federal governments

Bile is: a) Produced by the liver b) stored in the gallbladder c) released in the small intestine d) all

d) all

Excess body fat is associated with increased risk of: a) cardiovascular disease b) diabetes c) high blood pressure d) all

d) all

Factors that influence transit time include all of the following EXCEPT: a) composition of the meal b) emotional status of the individual c) use of certain medications d) all

d) all

Glucagon: a) Stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen b) promotes the synthesis of glucose c) raises blood glucose levels d) all of these choices

d) all of these choices

Major health concern with high-protein diet: a) dehydration b) kidney stone formation c) urinary calcium excretion d) high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol

d) high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol

The ____ is responsible for swallowing and is also part of the respiratory tract: a) epiglottis b) esophagus c) mouth d) pharynx

d) pharynx

There are 3 main functions of nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT: a) contributing to structure of our body b) providing us with energy c) regulating bio processes d) speeding up our metabolism

d) speeding up our metabolism

Most of the nitrogen we lose is through our: a) feces b) skin c) sweat d) urine

d) urine

Intake of fish, nuts, and whole grains may _____ heart disease risk

decrease

When salivary amylase enters the stomach, the acid causes the structure of this enzyme to change so it no longer functions. This change is called:

denaturation

The ____ system aids the digestive system by secreting hormones

endocrine

The DRI's tell you how much of each nutrient you need and help you choose foods that will meet these needs: T or F

false

The process of enrichment adds back all of the nutrients that are lost during processing: T or F

false

the most common cause of peptic ulcers is the misuse of medications such as aspirin: t or f

false

When there is not sufficient carbs to completely metabolize fatty acids, these molecules form

ketones

The slow movement of food through the _______ favors the growth of microflora

large intestine

______ lubricates, moistens, and protects the cells within the mucosa

mucus

Most protein digestion occurs in the:

small intestine

According to MyPlate, half of your plate should be fruit and veg: T or F

true

Dash eating plan includes more servings per day of fruits and veg than MyPlate: T or F

true

Increased consumption of refined carbs in the past few decades has been implicated in causing obesity: T or F

true

Making varied choices both from different food groups and from within each food group is important: T or F

true

MyPlate was designed to put the recommendations of dietary guidelines into practice: T or F

true

Nutrigenomics explores interaction between genetic variation and nutrition: T or F

true

Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to convert CO2 and water into glucose: T or F

true

Sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed into the body: T or F

true

The grams of sugars on food labels do not differentiate between natural and added sugars: T or F

true

food allergies have their origins in the GI tract: t or f

true