nutrition proctored exam 4-6
black coffee
A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood. Based on this information, the substance is ________.
milk of magnesia
A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of household bleach but higher than the pH of egg whites. Based on this information, the substance is ________.
by comparing sugar content information that is listed in the nutrition facts panels
Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving? 1. By reading the ingredients' lists on the labels 2. By checking the labels for health claims 3. By subtracting amounts of fiber in the two kinds of fruit from their total carbohydrate contents 4. By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels
ready-to-eat oatmeal ceral
According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol? Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal Fat-free chocolate milk Lean beef American processed cheese food
has trouble swallowing
Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________.
ketone bodies
Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more ________ than normal.
kidney failure
Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of ______.
condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning
Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an) ________.
polyunsaturated fat
Duncan was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Duncan developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When ________ was added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.
ketone bodies
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal. ketone bodies glycogen stores muscle fibers vitamin C
a moderate drinker
Eddie drinks 6 beers a week. At this level of alcohol consumption, he is ________. an abstainer a moderate drinker an abuser a binge drinker
elements
Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________.
lactose
________ is the disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule. Sucrose Hexose Maltose Lactose
maltose
________ is the disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules.
metabolism
________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.
false
t/f: A gram of sugar supplies more than twice the energy that is supplied by a gram of starch.
false
t/f: A healthy person has vast numbers of different kinds of bacteria living in his or her stomach.
false
t/f: A mitochondrion is a type of cell found in the human body.
true
t/f: A mitochondrion is a type of organelle that is in human cells.
false
t/f: A person who experiences hypoglycemia should avoid eating foods that contain carbohydrates for at least 3 hours.
true
t/f: According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, fiber is a nutrient of public health concern.
true
t/f: Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance and diversity of microbes in human intestinal tract.
false
t/f: DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C.
false
t/f: High-density lipoproteins carry more cholesterol than low-density lipoproteins.
false
t/f: High-fiber diets can lower blood cholesterol because fiber transports cholesterol into fatty tissues.
true
t/f: Human cells can convert linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, to arachidonic acid.
true
t/f: Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria.
true
t/f: Humans do not make intestinal enzymes that digest the dietary fiber cellulose.
false
t/f: In the United States, high-fructose corn syrup is the most popular high-intensity sweetener used by consumers.
false
t/f: Lactose intolerance is caused by eating foods that contain high amounts of sucrose and maltose.
false
t/f: Lecithin is a type of sterol.
false
t/f: Lipids present in foods interfere with fat soluble vitamin absorption.
false
t/f: Maltose is the disaccharide that is in milk.
false
t/f: Oleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is in whole milk.
false
t/f: Peanut oil is a richer source of polyunsaturated fatty acids than high linoleic sunflower seed oil.
false
t/f: People who have lactose intolerance should avoid foods that contain gluten.
false
t/f: Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics.
false
t/f: Protons carry negative charges.
false
t/f: Ryan's fasting blood glucose level is consistently between 126 and 140 mg/dl. Based on this information, Ryan has pre-diabetes.
true
t/f: The Nutrition Facts panel on a food package includes information about the amount of carbohydrates, including added sugars in a serving of the food.
true
t/f: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not banned the use of saccharin.
true
t/f: The body stores glucose in the form of glycogen.
false
t/f: The edges of the tongue do not have any taste buds.
true
t/f: The liver stores carbohydrate in the form of glycogen.
false
t/f: The primary role of adipose cells is producing chylomicrons from phospholipids.
true
t/f: The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions.
false
t/f: Ulcerative colitis is a temporary condition that develops after the large intestine is surgically removed.
false
t/f: When the pH of blood is lower than normal, the blood has become more alkaline.
bitter
the back (rear) portion of your tongue is very sensitive to foods that taste _____
calcium
________ is a mineral nutrient. Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen Calcium
ion
A (An) ________ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
raw egg white
A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is a ________.
lactose
A food scientist is developing a infant formula that simulates the composition of breast milk. Based on this information, which of the following substances would he add to the formula's recipe? Lactose Sucrose Mannose Xylitol
baking soda solution
A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is a ________. fluid ounce of black coffee baking soda solution cup of lemon juice tablespoon of fat-free milk
bonds
A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by ________.
breakdown of food into nutrients
A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.
enzyme
A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an) ________.
fatty acid
A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________.
phospholipid
A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________.
saturated
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) ________ fatty acid.
saturated
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) ________ fatty acid. polyunsaturated monounsaturated saturated essential
glucose
A scientist is developing a new food that would help people recover quickly from hypoglycemia. Which of the following sweeteners should he add to the new product? Glucose Lactose Glycogen Acesulfame-K
add maltase to a solution that contains maltose
A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should ________.
metabolic syndrome
According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. metabolic syndrome cystic fibrosis diverticulitis constipation
losing excess body fat
According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Drinking 3 servings of alcohol daily Losing excess body fat Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week Reducing intake of salty foods
exercising daily
According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily Exercising daily Taking vitamin C supplements
kept as low as possible, while eating a healthy diet
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, cholesterol intake should be ________. between 300 and 600 mg/day limited to no more than 500 mg/day limited to 2 eggs/day or 5 egg yolks/week kept as low as possible, while eating a healthy diet
store triglycerides
Adipose cells ________. store triglycerides secrete insulin metabolize glycogen transport cholesterol away from other cells
chylomicrons
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________.
lacteals within the villi
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein lacteals within the villi the lower esophageal sphincter chyme
enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream
After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________. 1. enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream 2. diffuse through the membrane of the intestinal cell and enter lymph 3. pass into the lacteal of the villus and are transported to the pancreas 4. combine to form chylomicrons that can be stored in the liver
have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood
Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________. test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart have a chest x-ray
sucralose
Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Sucralose Aspartame Molasses Xylitol
has difficulty digesting food
Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ________.
monitor her child's health, because there is no way to reduce the risk
Amy has type 1 diabetes. To reduce her son's risk of this disease, Amy should ______. avoid feeding him foods that contain carbohydrates prepare low-fat, high-fiber foods for him to eat protect him from excess sun exposure monitor her child's health, because there is no way to reduce the risk
organ
An ________ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.
enzyme
An ________ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.
electrolyte
An ________ is an ion that can conduct electricity.
do nothing to intervene, because her fasting blood glucose level is normal
Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One morning, Anna tested her blood before she ate breakfast and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should _______. 1. consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level 2. do nothing to intervene, because her fasting blood glucose level is normal 3. give herself an extra injection of insulin 4. do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which provides time for her blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally
avoid overeating during meals
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.
walnuts
April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats. walnuts coconut oil cheddar cheese bread cubes
eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrates on a regular basis
Bill has type 1 diabetes. What step can he take to reduce the likelihood that he develops hypoglycemia? 1. Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrates on a regular basis 2. Give himself insulin injections whenever he feels hungry 3. Take a daily dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins 4. Eat one large meal per day, in the morning, if possible
circulatory
Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the ________ system.
canned sardines
Brett eats ________ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.
frequent urination
Bryan has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this chronic disease? Frequent urination Fever Chills Chest pains
hormones
Certain organs and tissues use ________ to send messages to target cells.
20-35
Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day.
stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.
a moderate drinker
Christina drinks 1 beer a day. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is ________. an abstainer a moderate drinker an abuser a binge drinker
pancreatic
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________ cancer. pancreatic skin muscle thyroid
semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach
Chyme is the ________.
lactose intolerance
Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has _______.
is likely to undergo oxidation
Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid ________. is less likely to undergo oxidation contains no double bonds has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight is comprised of glucose molecules
lose excess body fat
Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.
less beef
Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating ________. more coconut oil less beef more partially-hydrogenated fats fewer fruits and vegetables
solute
Devon adds a little salt to a pot of water before he boils the water to cook pasta. When added to the water, the salt is a ________.
a healthy blood glucose level
Devon's fasting blood glucose level consistently is between 78 and 95 mg/dl. Based on this information, he has ______. a healthy blood glucose level defective pancreatic beta cells type 2 diabetes chronic hypoglycemic syndrome
large intestine
Feces form in the ________.
irritable bowel syndrome
For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has ________.
raises blood glucose levels
Glucagon ______. helps glucose enter cells stimulates cells to store glucose as glycogen raises blood glucose levels increases the metabolic rate
homocysteine
Having high blood levels of ________ may increase a person's risk of CVD. HDL tryptophan aspartic acid homocysteine
salt
In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________.
help maintain cell membranes
In the body, certain lipids ________. are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber help maintain cell membranes stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals contribute to proper body hydration
provides energy
In the body, fat ________. is necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulates the production of vitamins provides energy is used to make minerals
provides insulation against cold temperatures
In the body, fat ________. provides insulation against cold temperatures is necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulates the production of vitamins and minerals is necessary for proper cholesterol digestion
corn starch
Jacob has a rare condition, an inborn error of metabolism, that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen. Every four hours, day and night, Jacob has to consume a solution that provides a source of glucose, which is slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract. Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution? Corn starch High-fructosecorn syrup Aspartame Saccharin
blood glucose level is difficult to regulate
Jamie has a tumor that affects the functioning of her beta cells. Based on this information, Jamie's _______. intestinal tract has difficulty digesting fatty foods nerves are more sensitive to pain stimuli lacteals absorb excess lipids blood glucose level is difficult to regulate
chronic high blood pressure
Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has ________. a family history of cystic fibrosis chronic high blood pressure high blood levels of HDL cholesterol Asian ancestry
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop ________.
jeanne needs to reduce her total blood cholesterol level to under 200 mg/dl and increase her HDL level to lower her risk of heart disease
Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level is 240 mg/dl. According to this information, ________. 1. Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level is too low to provide optimal health, and she should consume more foods that are rich sources of saturated fat 2. Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level and her ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol are within healthy limits 3. Jeanne needs to reduce her total blood cholesterol level to under 200 mg/dl and increase her HDL level to lower her risk of heart disease 4. Jeanne needs to increase her intake of trans fat and decrease her intake of omega-3 fat
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.
beans
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Liver Butter Beans Steak
give birth to a baby that has birth defects
Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to ______.
Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is within the healthy range
Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is 190 mg/dl and his HDL cholesterol level is 60 mg/dl. According to this information, ________.
gallstones
Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has ________.
glucose and fructose
Laura consumes a sugar-frosted doughnut for a snack. In her gastrointestinal tract, the sucrose in the doughnut is digested into ________ molecules. maltose and glycogen glucose and fructose glycerol and fatty acid alanine and aspartic acid
high blood levels of LDL cholesterol
Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________. European ancestry high blood levels of LDL cholesterol physically active lifestyle low blood pressure
corn oil
Layla loves to cook, but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on this information, which of the following ingredients should she select? Corn oil Coconut oil Lard Butter
xylitol
Leah's parents are afraid the 5-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar. Based on this information, Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with _______.
phospholipid
Lecithin is a type of ________. sterol triglyceride phospholipid fatty acid
have her son tested for type 1 diabetes
Lena's 4-year-old son is not well. He lacks much interest in playing, he has lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Lena should ______.
intestinal tract does not absorb much fat
Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his ________.
has trouble tasting food
Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________.
bile
The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________. bile hemoglobin white blood cells glycogen
bile
The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.
refused all alcoholic beverages
Lydia thinks she is 6 weeks pregnant. While she was at a party, she ________, because she did not want to endanger the embryo that was developing inside her body. refused all alcoholic beverages drank only a few beers consumed only dry red wines limited her alcohol intake to one shot of liquor
sucralose
Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners would she use? Table sugar Levulose Mannitol Sucralose
unconscious
Manny's blood alcohol concentration is 0.36. Based on this information, Manny is ________. able to drive safely acting more sociable and feeling less tense unconscious acting aggressively toward his partner
lose weight rapidly
Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.
maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR
Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day. On average, her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Maria's diet? Maria's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids. Maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR. Maria's fat intake is within the AI. Maria's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.
mark's HbA1c is 8.5
Mark has type 2 diabetes. For the past two weeks, his fasting blood glucose level has been below 130 mg/dl. Today, Mark's physician tested his blood. Although the fasting value was 125 mg/dl, she reported that he needs to do a better job of controlling his blood glucose level. Why would the physician make such a recommendation to Mark?
nutrition facts panel
Mason would like to compare amounts of saturated fat in salad dressings. To obtain this information, he should read the ________ on the products' labels. Nutrition Facts panel structure/functions claims list of ingredients country of origin information
molasses, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup
Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared milk-based beverage. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, molasses, vegetable oil, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The ________ in this beverage are its sources of carbohydrate.
a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Paige is 6 weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with ________.
not worry, because she is not constipated
Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.
digests starch in the small intestine
Pancreatic amylase ______. digests starch in the small intestine is secreted by the gallbladder contributes to cystic fibrosis converts glucose to energy in cells
colorectal
People who have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have increased risk of _______ cancer.
consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level
Phil has type 1 diabetes and gives himself insulin injections to help manage his blood glucose level. One afternoon, Phil tested his blood and discovered that his blood glucose level was 60 mg/dl. Based on this information, Phil should _______. 1. consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level 2. do nothing to intervene, because his blood glucose level is normal 3. give himself an extra injection of insulin 4. do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which will provide time for his blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally
elements
Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________.
storing fat
The primary function of an adipose cell is ________. storing fat making insulin metabolizing glycogen transporting cholesterol within tissues
sugar cane
________ is a source of sucrose. Sugar cane Beef liver Fat-free milk Egg white
above
Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
300
Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.
uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods
Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably ________.
starch
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.
nutrition facts panel
Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.
diabetes mellitus
Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of _______. diabetes mellitus cystic fibrosis diverticular disease metabolic syndrome
stimulate red blood cell production
Subcutaneous fat does not ________. insulate the body against cold temperatures store energy protect against minor bruising stimulate red blood cell production
liver
The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system. colon jejunum liver epiglottis
jejunum
The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.
cell
The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.
ileum
The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.
bioavailability
The ________ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.
urinary
The bladder and kidneys are organs of the ________ system.
eicosapentaenoic
The body can make limited amounts of ________ acid from alpha-linoleic acid. oleic hydrochloric stearic eicosapentaenoic
D
The body uses cholesterol to make vitamin ________. A D E B-12
nervous
The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ________ system.
villi
The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.
circulation of blood throughout the body
The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________. production of red blood cells circulation of blood throughout the body destruction of toxic metabolic by-products regulation of body activities
mouth
The process of digesting food begins in the ________.
glucose
The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of ________ molecules.
glucose
The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of ________ molecules. glycogen polysaccharide fructose glucose
galactose, glucose, and fructose
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are ______. glucose, galactose, and mannose fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate galactose, glucose, and fructose maltose, ribose, and galactose
12 ounces of beer
Theresa drank 5 ounces of wine. This amount of wine has about as much alcohol as the amount that is in ________. 5 ounces of beer 3 ounces of liquor 12 ounces of beer 1 ounce of liquor
120
This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.
solute
To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________.
replace regular soft drinks with plain water
To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should ______. replace regular soft drinks with plain water consume more refined sources of carbohydrates increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup consume energy drinks instead of coffee
following a low-FODMAP diet
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome may include ________. following a low-FODMAP diet consuming more high-fructose corn syrup having the lower third of the colon removed taking antacids
taking antidepressant medication
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and ________. lying down after meals taking antidepressant medication having the lower third of the colon removed reducing physical activity
learning ways to manage stress effectively
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________. learning ways to manage stress effectively moving to a drier climate having the lower third of the colon removed reducing physical activity
fatty acids
Triglycerides have ________ in their chemical structures. glucosepolymers nitrogen andsulfur fatty acids amino acids
peptic ulcers
Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.
egg yolks
Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together.
a binge drinker
When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is ________. an abstainer a moderate drinker a restrained drinker a binge drinker
fat
When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into ______.
canola oil
When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select? Unsaltedbutter Partially hydrogenated shortening Coconut oil Canola oil
olive oil
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select? Unsalted butter Cream cheese Olive oil Coconut oil
olive oil
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select? Unsaltedbutter Cream cheese Olive oil Coconut oil
increasing age
Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? High intakes of vitamin C Asian ancestry Increasing age Low income level
male gender
Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Low body fat Male gender Household income Vitamin D intake
bile
Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? Bile Hydrochloric acid Mucus Gastric juice
crohn's disease
Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines? Cystic fibrosis Crohn's disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Peptic ulcer
alpha-linolenic acid
Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? Oleic acid Stearic acid Palmitic acid Alpha-linolenic acid
roast pork
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? Green beans Roast pork Ripe banana White potato
jelly beans
Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? Jelly beans Snicker's candy bar Fat-free milk Orange juice
baked potato
Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? Peanuts Baked potato Fat-free milk Banana
plain microwave popcorn
Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index but a low glycemic load? Baked Russet potato Plain white bagel Medium grain, boiled white rice Plain microwave popcorn
raw carrots
Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)? Cornflakes cereal Raw carrots Banana Plain white bagel
raw apple
Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)? Jelly beans Cornflakes cereal Popcorn, popped in a microwave and served plain Raw apple
baked trout
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Baked beans Whole-wheat bread Baked trout Canned peaches
canned salmon
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Canned salmon Whole-wheat bread Fried chicken Roast beef
cottonseed oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? Green beans Cottonseed oil Roast beef Stick margarine
regular soft drink
Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)? White bread Regular soft drink Fresh strawberries Luncheon meats
berries
Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics? Berries Eggs Yogurt Butter
soybeans
Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics? Soybeans Eggs Yogurt Butter
whole milk
Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol? Coconut oil Peanut butter Whole milk Margarine
sweet potatoes
Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch? Seedless grapes Chicken livers Sweet potatoes Egg yolks
pork steak
Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol? Organic carrots Rolled oats Pork steak High-fructose corn syrup
yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus
Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic? Yogurt with live and active cultures ofLactobacillus Fresh lean meat Breads and cereals made from refined enriched wheat flour Eggs laid by hens that consume organic feed
chicken
Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Broccoli Peanuts Sunflower seeds Chicken
sugar-sweetened soft drinks
Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets? Sugar-sweetened soft drinks Ready-to-eat cereals Fruit Flavored Greek yogurt
fresh fruit
Which of the following foods or beverages is not a major source of added sugars in American diets? Candy Fresh fruit Energy drinks Cookies
h. pylori
Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers? E. coli S. aureus H. pylori C.botulinum
biotin
Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? Biotin Iron Zinc Cholesterol
kidneys
Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions? Kidneys Brain Heart Spleen
brain
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Liver Brain Pancreas Gallbladder
spleen
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Liver Spleen Pancreas Tongue
pancreas
Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? Liver Pituitary Pancreas Gallbladder
sucrose
You would like to add a nutritive sweetener to a food that is almost pure carbohydrate. Which of the following substances would you add? Sucrose Aspartame Honey Molasses
blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal
Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? Waist circumference that measures 33 inches Body temperature that is over 101°F Stomach ulcers that bleed Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal
addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions? 1. Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine 2. Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child 3. Loss of body fat during a week of starvation 4. The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts
enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions? 1. Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine 2. Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise 3. Loss of body fat during a week of starvation 4. The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts
muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? 1. Bone growth that occurs during adolescence 2. Muscle mass enlargement that occurs after lifting weights 3. Weight gain that occurs after 3 weeks of overeating 4. Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults
weight loss as a result of starvation
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Weight loss as a result of starvation Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights Weight gain as a result of overeating Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty
information about the grams of total carbohydrates in a serving of food is displayed on a food label
Which of the following statements about food labels is true? 1. Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label. 2. The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars. 3. Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel. 4. The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.
the nutrition facts panel provides information about total carbohydrates in a serving of food
Which of the following statements about food labels is true? 1. The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about total carbohydrates in a serving of food. 2. The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars. 3. Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel. 4. The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.
peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat
Which of the following statements is false? 1. The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste. 2. Mucus protects the lining of the stomach. 3. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. 4. Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
most enzymes have names that end with - ase
Which of the following statements is true? 1. After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. 2. Most enzymes have names that end with - ase. 3. Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. 4. Enzymes can function as electrolytes.
consuming more carbohydrates than you need can result in an increase in your body fat
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Consuming more carbohydrates than you need can result in an increase in your body fat. 2. Foods that are high in simple carbohydrates are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein. 3. People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes. 4. High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.
most americans do not consume enough dietary fiber
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. 2. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber. 3. Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. 4. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.
the human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans. 2. Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. 3. The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber. 4. Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease.
matter is comprised of atoms
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Matter is comprised of atoms. 2. Protons are negatively charged particles that are in a cell's nucleus. 3. Electrons are positively charged particles. 4. Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions, when they are dissolved in water.
probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine
Which of the following statements is true? 1. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine. 2. Prebiotics are immature probiotics. 3. Diets that contain a lot of probiotics have been clinically proven to cure colon cancer. 4. Prebiotics are harmful to gut microbiota.
older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children
Which of the following statements is true? 1. The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver. 2. Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children. 3. Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents. 4. Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.
the pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine
Which of the following statements is true? 1. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. 2. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. 3. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. 4. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.
eicosapentaenoic
________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.
iron
________ is a mineral nutrient. Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Iron
when cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy
Which of the following statements is true? 1. When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy. 2. Foods that are high in simple sugars are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein. 3. People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes. 4. High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults, because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.
high-fiber diets are associated with weight loss in adults because fiber-rich foods are more filling than foods that contain sugar
Which of the following statements is true? 1. When cells have too little glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of using it for energy. 2. Foods that are high in simple sugars are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein. 3. People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes. 4. High-fiber diets are associated with weight loss in adults because fiber-rich foods are more filling than foods that contain sugars.
a fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms
Which of the following statements is true? A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms. A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules. The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule. Most fatty acids in food are water soluble.
in the united states, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adult drivers
Which of the following statements is true? Alcohol is stored in body fat. The pancreas is the primary site for alcohol metabolism. In the United States, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adult drivers. Rapid heart rate is a sign of alcohol poisoning.
fat contributes to the flavor of foods
Which of the following statements is true? Food fat is not a source of essential nutrients. Fat contributes to the flavor of foods. Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel
fat contributes to the flavor of foods
Which of the following statements is true? Food fat is not a source of essential nutrients. Fat contributes to the flavor of foods. Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel."
oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup
Which of the following statements is true? Foods thatcontain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to humancells. High levels of HDLcholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. A diet that ishigh in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels. Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.
excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes
Which of the following statements is true? People who haveexcess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2diabetes. To remainhealthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140mg/dl. A healthy person'shemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%. Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.
sucrose is a source of glucose
Which of the following statements is true? Sucrose suppliesmore energy, gram per gram, than starch. Sucrose is a source of glucose. Sucrose has no nutritional value. Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules.
epiglottis
Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? Tongue Voice box Pharynx Epiglottis
HDL
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? LDL HDL Insoluble fiber Insulin
blood
Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water? Tomato juice Gastric juice Lemon juice Blood
gastric juice
Which of the following substances is (are) secreted by the human stomach? Gastric juice Chyme Bile salts Saliva
starch
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? Starch High-fructose corn syrup Glucose Carbon dioxide
glucose
Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate? Starch Lignin Glucose Glycogen
fructose
Which of the following substances is a simple sugar? Starch Lignin Fructose Glycogen
fructose
Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans? Mannose Fructose Xylose Lactose
hydrochloric acid
Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Salivary amylase Hydrochloric acid Bile Chyme
sucrose
Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g? Sucralose Stevia Saccharin Sucrose
certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids
Which of the followings statements is true? Saturated fatty acid has one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain. The human body canconvert simple carbohydrates into alpha-linolenic acid. Trans fatty acid sare naturally in many foods. Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.
two
While at a bar, Jake drank 3 ounces of whiskey. Based on this information, Jake consumed about the same amount of alcohol that is in ________ 12-oz cans of regular beer. two three four five
stop drinking and give his liver time to metabolize the alcohol
While at a party, Dimitrius became drunk after consuming 6 cans of beer and 2 shots of whiskey. To sober up, he should ________.
false
t/f: "Fruit sugar" is the common name for galactose.
