Nutrition Quiz 3
The sequence of food processing in the gut is
mastication, digestion, absorption, excretion.
The process of moving nutrients from the GI tract into the circulatory system.
absorption
The villi and microvilli are the site of nutrient
absorption.
The primary enzyme in saliva is salivary
amylase.
GI flora are
beneficial bacteria.
Once a bolus of food mixes with gastric juices in the stomach, it becomes
chyme.
The three components of the ________ are ascending, descending, transverse
colon
The chemical and mechanical processes by which the body breaks food down into individual nutrient molecules
digestion.
The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas produce ________ secretions that flow into the GI tract through various ducts.
digestive
The food mass passes through the gastrointestinal tract in this order
duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
To prepare the food mass for ________, water is removed from undigested food residue.
elimination
The process of excreting or removing undigested and unabsorbed food components from the body is called
elimination.
The LES contracts to prevent stomach contents from returning to the
esophagus.
Digestion, absorption, and elimination occur in the
gastrointestinal tract.
________ are the hair like projections that form the brush border through which nutrients are absorbed
Microvilli
________ are circular muscular rings which open and close in response to nerve input.
Sphincters
Chyme is the semiliquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the stomach and enters the
small intestine.
The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum represent the
small intestine.
Villi are located in the
small intestine.
The ________ lining's goblet cells and gastric pits or ducts secrete a variety of critical digestive juices, and the parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous neck cells, secrete other gastric juices and mucus.
stomach
Gastric pits, parietal and chief cells, and the submucosa are found in the
stomach.
The ________ of food in the GI tract involves ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, propulsion, absorption, and elimination.
processing
The process of moving the bolus or food mass from the mouth to the stomach is called
propulsion.
The ________ prevents chyme from exiting the stomach too soon and blocks the intestinal contents from returning to the stomach.
pyloric sphincter
Feces are temporarily stored in the
rectum.
The fingerlike projections which line the small intestine increase the surface area to maximize absorption and help mix the partially digested chyme with intestinal secretions are
villi.
Each ________ contains capillaries and a lacteal for picking up nutrients absorbed through the enterocytes and transporting them throughout the body.
villus
The large intestine absorbs
water.
The ________ receives bile from the liver through the common hepatic duct.
gallbladder
________ occurs when the longitudinal, circular, and diagonal muscles that surround the organ forcefully push, churn, and mix the contents of the stomach with the gastric juices.
Mechanical digestion
Without properly functioning sphincters, the food mass would
move in the wrong direction.
In the small intestine, ________ contractions squeeze chyme forward, and digestive secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, and intestinal lining chemically break down the nutrients.
muscular
Whole foods must first be broken down into________ that can be absorbed into the body's cells.
nutrients
Nondigestible starch found in plant foods that promotes the growth and health of your GI flora are
prebiotics.
The functions of ________ are to dissolve small food particles, which allows them to react with the taste buds so we can savor food and to moisten and bind food to lubricate it for comfortable swallowing.
saliva
A mixture of water, mucus, enzymes, and other chemicals is called
saliva.
Chemical and mechanical digestion occur ________ in the stomach and small intestine.
simultaneously
Longtitudinal, circular and diagonal muscles are needed to facilitate contraction and expansion of the
stomach.
This organ mixes, prepares and stores food for digestion
stomach.
Individuals who produce less saliva than usual are likely to have trouble
swallowing.