Nutrition Quiz 3

The sequence of food processing in the gut is

mastication, digestion, absorption, excretion.

The process of moving nutrients from the GI tract into the circulatory system.

absorption

The villi and microvilli are the site of nutrient

absorption.

The primary enzyme in saliva is salivary

amylase.

GI flora are

beneficial bacteria.

Once a bolus of food mixes with gastric juices in the stomach, it becomes

chyme.

The three components of the ________ are ascending, descending, transverse

colon

The chemical and mechanical processes by which the body breaks food down into individual nutrient molecules

digestion.

The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas produce ________ secretions that flow into the GI tract through various ducts.

digestive

The food mass passes through the gastrointestinal tract in this order

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

To prepare the food mass for ________, water is removed from undigested food residue.

elimination

The process of excreting or removing undigested and unabsorbed food components from the body is called

elimination.

The LES contracts to prevent stomach contents from returning to the

esophagus.

Digestion, absorption, and elimination occur in the

gastrointestinal tract.

________ are the hair like projections that form the brush border through which nutrients are absorbed

Microvilli

________ are circular muscular rings which open and close in response to nerve input.

Sphincters

Chyme is the semiliquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the stomach and enters the

small intestine.

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum represent the

small intestine.

Villi are located in the

small intestine.

The ________ lining's goblet cells and gastric pits or ducts secrete a variety of critical digestive juices, and the parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous neck cells, secrete other gastric juices and mucus.

stomach

Gastric pits, parietal and chief cells, and the submucosa are found in the

stomach.

The ________ of food in the GI tract involves ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, propulsion, absorption, and elimination.

processing

The process of moving the bolus or food mass from the mouth to the stomach is called

propulsion.

The ________ prevents chyme from exiting the stomach too soon and blocks the intestinal contents from returning to the stomach.

pyloric sphincter

Feces are temporarily stored in the

rectum.

The fingerlike projections which line the small intestine increase the surface area to maximize absorption and help mix the partially digested chyme with intestinal secretions are

villi.

Each ________ contains capillaries and a lacteal for picking up nutrients absorbed through the enterocytes and transporting them throughout the body.

villus

The large intestine absorbs

water.

The ________ receives bile from the liver through the common hepatic duct.

gallbladder

________ occurs when the longitudinal, circular, and diagonal muscles that surround the organ forcefully push, churn, and mix the contents of the stomach with the gastric juices.

Mechanical digestion

Without properly functioning sphincters, the food mass would

move in the wrong direction.

In the small intestine, ________ contractions squeeze chyme forward, and digestive secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, and intestinal lining chemically break down the nutrients.

muscular

Whole foods must first be broken down into________ that can be absorbed into the body's cells.

nutrients

Nondigestible starch found in plant foods that promotes the growth and health of your GI flora are

prebiotics.

The functions of ________ are to dissolve small food particles, which allows them to react with the taste buds so we can savor food and to moisten and bind food to lubricate it for comfortable swallowing.

saliva

A mixture of water, mucus, enzymes, and other chemicals is called

saliva.

Chemical and mechanical digestion occur ________ in the stomach and small intestine.

simultaneously

Longtitudinal, circular and diagonal muscles are needed to facilitate contraction and expansion of the

stomach.

This organ mixes, prepares and stores food for digestion

stomach.

Individuals who produce less saliva than usual are likely to have trouble

swallowing.