Nutrition revision 3
1 Kcal is the amount of [....] required to increase the [....] of 1 kg of [....] of 1 degree Celsius.
1 Kcal is the amount of [energy] required to increase the [temperature] of 1 kg of [water] of 1 degree Celsius.
List 3 calcium deficiency diseases and indicate the signs/symptoms you would expect (6 marks)
1. Rickets is the result of poorly formed bone structure: example: bowed legs and stunted growth 2. Adult Rickets [ osteomalacia ] causes the softening of bones Deficiency in Vitamin D 3. Osteoporosis is the cause when bones become brittle Deficiency in calcium Other: Tetany and poor teeth and bone formation
Convert the following nutrients into kilojoules. 1 gram carbohydrates 1 gram protein 1 gram fat 1 gram alcohol
17kj 17kj 38kj 29kj
Convert the following nutrients into calories. 1 gram carbohydrates
4 Cal
Convert the following nutrients into calories. 1 gram protein
4 Cal
Convert the following nutrients into calories. 1 gram alcohol
7 Cal
Convert the following nutrients into calories. 1 gram fat
9 Cal
Which of the following is an electrolyte? Select one: A. Sodium B. Water C. Carbon D. Glucose
A. Sodium
Food labels should contain the nutritional values Select one or more: A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin E C. Calcium D. Iron E. Magnesium F. Vitamin A
A. Vitamin C C. Calcium D. Iron F. Vitamin A
The three main groups of carbohydrates are Select one: A. monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides B. fats, proteins and minerals C. sucrose, cellulose and glycogen D. glucose, fructose and galactose
A. monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Nutrients lacking for an extended period may result in Select one: A. osteoporosis, rickets and osteomalacia B. gallbladder disease, hypertension and rickets C. iron deficiency, beriberi and some cancers D. rickets, liver damage and diabetes
A. osteoporosis, rickets and osteomalacia
The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to Select one: A. provide a source of energy B. repair damaged tissue C. build cytoplasm D. store elements
A. provide a source of energy
Vegans normally lack the following nutrients Select one or more: A. Vitamin A B. Iron C. Vitamin B12 D. Calcium
B. Iron C. Vitamin B12 D. Calcium
Thirst is a symptom of Select one: A. hydrolysis B. dehydration C. osmosis D. cellular oedema
B. dehydration
The cumulative effect of a high fat diet could be Select one: A. iron deficiency B. heart disease C. blindness D. goitre
B. heart disease
Foods such as potato chips, cakes, soda and candy are Select one: A. nutritious foods B. low nutrient dense foods C. high nutrient dense foods D. essential nutrient foods
B. low nutrient dense foods
A class of foods that is rich in calcium and phosphorus is Select one: A. citrus fruits B. milk and milk products C. organ meats D. carrots
B. milk and milk products
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Thiamin
Beriberi
Bile is needed to digest Select one: A. Proteins B. Carbohydrates C. Fats D. Fibre
C. Fats
Characteristics of a good nutritional status are Select one: A. Easily fatigued B. Swollen abdomen C. Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth D. Greasy, blemished complexion
C. Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth
Essential nutrients Select one: A. are already in their smallest components B. must be broken down to be used by the body C. are found only in foods D. are produced by the body
C. are found only in foods
Excess nutrients over time may result in Select one: A. obesity, hypertension and beriberi B. beriberi, scurvy and goiter C. atherosclerosis, obesity and liver damage D. diabetes, hypertension and scurvy
C. atherosclerosis, obesity and liver damage
A vitamin synthesized by the bacteria in the intestine is Select one: A. vitamin D B. vitamin E C. vitamin K D. vitamin C
C. vitamin K
Name 2 calcium supplements (2 marks)
Calcium Carbonate Calcium Citrate
Which disease has a genetic link? Select one: A. Diabetes B. Osteoporosis C. Cancer D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The functions of chemical substances found in food includes Select one: A. provide energy B. build and repair tissue C. regulate body processes D. all of the above
D. all of the above
To nourish the body adequately and to maintain health, one must Select one: A. restrict proteins at breakfast B. avoid all low-density foods C. include fats at every meal D. eat foods containing the six classes of nutrients
D. eat foods containing the six classes of nutrients
The main function of protein in the body is Select one: A. to be the main energy source B. to store elements C. to contribute to healthy bones and teeth D. for the growth and repair of body tissue
D. for the growth and repair of body tissue
Vitamins are divided in to Select one: A. saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated vitamins B. monoglyceride, and triglyceride vitamins C. names and numbers D. water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins
D. water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins
True or false Clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency is lesions at the corner of the mouth.
False
True or false Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.
False
True or false Insulin reduces glucose uptake and storage among fat cells.
False
True or false Intravascular fluid is found between the cells
False
True or false Lactose can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine because it needs no further digestion.
False
True or false The disaccharides are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber.
False
True or false Unusual nervousness, dermatitis and diarrhoea in the same client may be an indication of an iodine deficiency.
False
Eats fruits, nuts, honey and vegetable oil
Fruitarians
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Iodine
Goiter
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Iron
Iron-deficiency anemia
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Protein
Kwashiorkor
Use dairy products, but not meat, poultry, or eggs.
Lacto vegetarians
Use dairy products and eggs, but not meat, poultry or fish.
Lacto-ovo vegetarians
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. All nutrients
Marasmus
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Vitamin A
Night blindness
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium
Osteomalacia
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Calcium and vitamin D
Osteoporosis
Avoid dairy and meat, but eat eggs.
Ovo-vegetarians
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Niacin
Pellagra
Choose the correct deficiency disease for the nutrient provided. Vitamin C
Scurvy
Avoid red meat, but eat poultry, fish, dairy.
Semi-vegetarians
True or false Calcium, potassium or sodium deficiency may result in tetany.
True
True or false Clinical signs of copper, iron, zinc, biotin and vitamin B6 and B12 includes blue half-circles beneath the eyes.
True
True or false Fructose is converted to glucose in the liver.
True
True or false Galactose is a monosaccharide.
True
True or false Highly-refined juice beverages have lost virtually all of the beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals of the original fruit.
True
True or false Interstitial fluid is a component of extracellular fluid.
True
True or false Numerous black-and-blue spots and tiny, red pin-prick hemorrhages under the skin may indicate a vitamin C deficiency.
True
True or false People who make whole grains a habit have lower risks of certain cancers, particularly of the colon.
True
Avoid all animal foods as well as leather.
Vegan
Anthropometric assessment involves measuring Select one: a. Skinfold thickness b. Enzyme activity c. Blood pressure d. All of the above
a. Skinfold thickness
Excess nutrients over time may result in Select one: a. atherosclerosis, obesity and liver damage b. diabetes, hypertension and scurvy c. obesity, hypertension and beriberi d. beriberi, scurvy and goiter
a. atherosclerosis, obesity and liver damage
Fats are chemically grouped as Select one: a. lipids b. lecithin c. cholesterol d. lipase
a. lipids
The solute in the extracellular fluid principally responsible for maintaining fluid balance is Select one: a. sodium b. phosphorous c. calcium d. potassium
a. sodium
The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to Select one: a. supply energy b. insulate the body c. synthesize fats d. provide materials for synthesizing cell walls
a. supply energy
Characteristics of a good nutritional status are Select one: a. Easily fatigued b. Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth c. Greasy, blemished complexion d. Swollen abdomen
b. Pink, firm gums and well-developed teeth
Which of the following is an electrolyte? Select one: a. Carbon b. Sodium c. Glucose d. Water
b. Sodium
Food labels should contain the nutritional values Select one or more: a. Magnesium b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin E d. Calcium e. Iron f. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin A d. Calcium e. Iron f. Vitamin C
Essential nutrients Select one: a. must be broken down to be used by the body b. are found only in foods c. are already in their smallest components d. are produced by the body
b. are found only in foods
A deficiency of thiamin results in the disease Select one: a. fatigue b. beriberi c. scurvy d. rickets
b. beriberi
In children, a severe deficiency of Vitamin A will result in Select one: a. restricted growth b. blindness c. insufficient blood clotting d. microcytic anemia
b. blindness
Lactose consists of Select one: a. glucose and fructose b. glucose and galactose c. fructose and galactose d. glucose and glucose
b. glucose and galactose
A class of foods that is rich in calcium and phosphorus is Select one: a. citrus fruits b. milk and milk products c. organ meats d. carrots
b. milk and milk products
Fruits are usually sweet because they contain Select one: a. fats b. simple sugars c. complex carbohydrates d. fibers
b. simple sugars
Identify the nutritive sweeteners Select one: a. Saccharin and cyclamate b. sorbitol and xylitol c. mannitol and sucralose d. aspartame and stevia e. neotame and sorbitol
b. sorbitol and xylitol
The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to Select one: a. provide materials for synthesizing cell walls b. supply energy c. synthesize fats d. insulate the body
b. supply energy
The sweetest disaccharide is Select one: a. fructose b. glucose c. sucrose d. maltose
c. sucrose
After chewing a piece of bread for awhile, you begin to experience a slightly sweet taste. This taste results from _____. Select one: a. an abnormal use of the carbohydrate in bread b. one of the symptoms of diabetes c. the liberation of maltose from starch d. sucrose used in making bread e. the additives used in enriched breads
c. the liberation of maltose from starch
Which of the following is a monosaccharide? Select one: a. lactose b. maltose c. sucrose d. fructose
d. fructose
The most common monosaccharide is Select one: a. fructose b. lactose c. galactose d. glucose
d. glucose
Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. What is an example of this? Select one: a. Insulin reduces glucose uptake and storage among fat cells. b. Insulin stimulates muscles to release glycogen that body cells can use for energy. c. Glucagon increases removal of glucose from the blood after a meal d. Glucagon decreases the removal of glucose from the blood during stress. e. Adrenalin increases breakdown of liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of danger.
e. Adrenalin increases breakdown of liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of danger.
Identify the non-nutritive sweeteners Select one: a. mannitol and sucralose b. saccharin and xylitol c. neotame and sorbitol d. aspartame and xylitol e. Saccharin and cyclamate
e. Saccharin and cyclamate
Name 4 sources of calcium (4 marks)
milk and milk products dark green leafy vegetables soya beans tuna/salmon/sardines