Nutrition Smartbook Ch. 5

What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

Choose factors that put a person at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Multiple select question. sedentary lifestyle close family member with type 2 diabetes history of frequent colds and other infectious diseases excess body fat

sedentary lifestyle close family member with type 2 diabetes excess body fat

An example of a complex carbohydrates include______. peptides starch sucrose glucose

starch

What is added to food to improve the food's tenderness, contribute to browning, and serve as a preservative?

sugar

What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet? gastrointestinal disease tooth decay gout hypoglycemia

tooth decay

Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for______.

type 2 diabetes

Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing______. Multiple select question. type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease type 1 diabetes osteoporosis

type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease

Sugar alcohols are used in _____.

diabetic candy breath mints sugar-free gum

Treatment for type 2 diabetes includes which of the following? Multiple select question. sleep exercise eating a high carbohydrate diet weight loss

exercise and weight loss.

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest. starches fibers sugars peptide

fibers

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

What is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?

glucose

(glycemic index x grams of carbohydrate)/100 = _____

glycemic load

Which measurement provides the most realistic way to determine how foods may raise the blood glucose level?

glycemic load

Scientific studies demonstrate that eating sugary foods or drinks do not______. Multiple select question. have negative effects on behavior increase physical activity levels in children cause weight gain cause ADHD

have negative effects on behavior increase physical activity levels in children cause ADHD

The sweetening agent in sweetened beverages that is thought to contribute to obesity is______. Multiple choice question. molasses aspartame confectioner's or powdered sugar high fructose corn syrup

high fructose corn syrup

When an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having________________> (a more specific answer than diabetes is needed here).

hyperglycemia

When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl, they are diagnosed with

hypoglycemia

The hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar which causes a lowering of blood sugar is

insulin

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar?

monosaccharide

Most forms of dietary fiber are complex carbohydrates comprised of _____.

monosaccharides

Enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down the disaccharides into

monosaccharides or glucose

Sweetened beverages, cookies, chips, and processed snack foods are all examples of _____.

refined carbohydrates

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated? Multiple select question. fasting glucose triglycerides blood pressure high-density lipoprotein

fasting glucose triglycerides blood pressure

What is the type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy? Multiple choice question. gestational type 2 type 3 type 1

gestational

The hormone secreted by the pancreas when your blood sugar is low and which causes your blood sugar levels to rise is _____.

glucagon

Symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called

hypoglycemia

Dietary fibers are complex carbohydrates comprised of _____.

monosaccharides

Losing excess body fat and increasing physical activity can______.

prevent or delay type 2 diabetes lower the risk for a stroke lower the risk for heart disease

Sugar alcohols provide about _____ kcal/g.

2

Type 1 diabetes begins when in life

any time.

Choose all of the following foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates. Multiple select question. apple candy donut apple pie

candy donut apple pie

(Glycemic Index x Grams of ___________) / 100 = Glycemic Load

carbohydrates

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and

fructose

An excellent source of protein, many vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus is______.

milk and milk products

The pancreatic enzyme that is secreted into the small intestine that is responsible for digesting starch is

pancreatic amylase

Which nutrients must be listed on a food label?

sodium total carbohydrate protein total fat

What are probable causes of hyperactivity?

environmental factors and genetic factors

What are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products?

lactose, maltodextrin, raw sugar

Plants store glucose as

starch

Which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity? Multiple choice question. Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD). ADHD can be controlled by limiting a child's sugar intake. There is a cause-and-effect relationship between sugar and hyperactivity.

Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD).

True or false: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.

True

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

aspartame

What is another name for polysaccharides?

complex carbohydrates

If blood glucose levels drop too low, a person can______. Multiple select question. recover quickly with an insulin injection develop seizures lose consciousness die

develop seizures lose consciousness die

Identify two names for the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.

1.glucose and 2.dextrose

Which of the following are true of polysaccharides? They are sometimes called simple carbohydrates. They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are made of 100 or more monosaccharides bonded together. They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. They are disaccharides.

They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are made of 100 or more monosaccharides bonded together. They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates.