Nutrition Smartbook Ch. 5
What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?
45-65%
Choose factors that put a person at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Multiple select question. sedentary lifestyle close family member with type 2 diabetes history of frequent colds and other infectious diseases excess body fat
sedentary lifestyle close family member with type 2 diabetes excess body fat
An example of a complex carbohydrates include______. peptides starch sucrose glucose
starch
What is added to food to improve the food's tenderness, contribute to browning, and serve as a preservative?
sugar
What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet? gastrointestinal disease tooth decay gout hypoglycemia
tooth decay
Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for______.
type 2 diabetes
Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing______. Multiple select question. type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease type 1 diabetes osteoporosis
type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease
Sugar alcohols are used in _____.
diabetic candy breath mints sugar-free gum
Treatment for type 2 diabetes includes which of the following? Multiple select question. sleep exercise eating a high carbohydrate diet weight loss
exercise and weight loss.
Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.
fibers
Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest. starches fibers sugars peptide
fibers
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
glucose
What is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?
glucose
(glycemic index x grams of carbohydrate)/100 = _____
glycemic load
Which measurement provides the most realistic way to determine how foods may raise the blood glucose level?
glycemic load
Scientific studies demonstrate that eating sugary foods or drinks do not______. Multiple select question. have negative effects on behavior increase physical activity levels in children cause weight gain cause ADHD
have negative effects on behavior increase physical activity levels in children cause ADHD
The sweetening agent in sweetened beverages that is thought to contribute to obesity is______. Multiple choice question. molasses aspartame confectioner's or powdered sugar high fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup
When an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having________________> (a more specific answer than diabetes is needed here).
hyperglycemia
When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl, they are diagnosed with
hypoglycemia
The hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar which causes a lowering of blood sugar is
insulin
Which of the following is a type of simple sugar?
monosaccharide
Most forms of dietary fiber are complex carbohydrates comprised of _____.
monosaccharides
Enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down the disaccharides into
monosaccharides or glucose
Sweetened beverages, cookies, chips, and processed snack foods are all examples of _____.
refined carbohydrates
In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated? Multiple select question. fasting glucose triglycerides blood pressure high-density lipoprotein
fasting glucose triglycerides blood pressure
What is the type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy? Multiple choice question. gestational type 2 type 3 type 1
gestational
The hormone secreted by the pancreas when your blood sugar is low and which causes your blood sugar levels to rise is _____.
glucagon
Symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called
hypoglycemia
Dietary fibers are complex carbohydrates comprised of _____.
monosaccharides
Losing excess body fat and increasing physical activity can______.
prevent or delay type 2 diabetes lower the risk for a stroke lower the risk for heart disease
Sugar alcohols provide about _____ kcal/g.
2
Type 1 diabetes begins when in life
any time.
Choose all of the following foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates. Multiple select question. apple candy donut apple pie
candy donut apple pie
(Glycemic Index x Grams of ___________) / 100 = Glycemic Load
carbohydrates
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and
fructose
An excellent source of protein, many vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus is______.
milk and milk products
The pancreatic enzyme that is secreted into the small intestine that is responsible for digesting starch is
pancreatic amylase
Which nutrients must be listed on a food label?
sodium total carbohydrate protein total fat
What are probable causes of hyperactivity?
environmental factors and genetic factors
What are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products?
lactose, maltodextrin, raw sugar
Plants store glucose as
starch
Which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity? Multiple choice question. Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD). ADHD can be controlled by limiting a child's sugar intake. There is a cause-and-effect relationship between sugar and hyperactivity.
Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD).
True or false: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.
True
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?
aspartame
What is another name for polysaccharides?
complex carbohydrates
If blood glucose levels drop too low, a person can______. Multiple select question. recover quickly with an insulin injection develop seizures lose consciousness die
develop seizures lose consciousness die
Identify two names for the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.
1.glucose and 2.dextrose
Which of the following are true of polysaccharides? They are sometimes called simple carbohydrates. They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are made of 100 or more monosaccharides bonded together. They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. They are disaccharides.
They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are made of 100 or more monosaccharides bonded together. They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates.